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'''Half-Breed''' was a pejorative term designated for the more [[moderate]] wing of the [[Republican Party]] from 1877–84 that pushed for a certain degree of civil service reform. A [[civil service system]] in [[the South]] would effectively barred black Americans from government jobs and stifle economic mobility.<ref name=vox>Matthews, Dylan (July 20, 2016). [https://www.vox.com/2016/7/20/12233454/christie-trump-purge-federal-employees Donald Trump and Chris Christie are reportedly planning to purge the civil service]. ''Vox''. Retrieved November 20, 2021.</ref>

'''Half-Breed''' was a pejorative term designated for the more [[moderate]] wing of the [[Republican Party]] from 1877–84 that pushed for a certain degree of civil service reform. A [[civil service system]] in [[the South]] would effectively barred black Americans from government jobs and stifle economic mobility.<ref name=vox>Matthews, Dylan (July 20, 2016). [https://www.vox.com/2016/7/20/12233454/christie-trump-purge-federal-employees Donald Trump and Chris Christie are reportedly planning to purge the civil service]. ''Vox''. Retrieved November 20, 2021.</ref>

Conservatives in the rival [[Stalwart]] faction called them "Half-Breeds"<ref name=georgefrisbiehoar>Welch, Robert E., Jr. (1971). [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674436787 George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans], pp. 2–3. ''Harvard University Press''. Retrieved November 20, 2021.</ref> because they advocated allowing former [[Confederate]] Rebels into the civil service and paid lip service in dealing with the [[Ku Klux Klan]]'s [[voter suppression]] of [[African American]] [[civil rights]]. They were considered only "half Republican", or [[Republican in Name Only]]. They helped facilitate the [[Jim Crow]] [[Democrat]]s take over of [[the South]] at the end of [[Reconstruction]].

Conservatives in the rival [[Stalwart]] faction called them "Half-Breeds"<ref name=georgefrisbiehoar>Welch, Robert E., Jr. (1971). [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674436787 George Frisbie Hoar and the Half-Breed Republicans], pp. 2–3. ''Harvard University Press''. Retrieved November 20, 2021.</ref> because they advocated allowing former [[Confederate]] Rebels into the civil service and paid lip service in dealing with the [[Ku Klux Klan]]'s [[voter suppression]] of [[African American]] [[civil rights]]. They were considered only "half Republican", or [[Republican in Name Only]]. They helped facilitate the [[Jim Crow]] [[Democrat]]s take over of [[the South]] at the end of [[Reconstruction]].<ref name=vox/>

The Half-Breeds were led by [[corrupt]] [[U.S. Senator]] [[James G. Blaine]] of [[Maine]]. The group's main achievement was the passage of the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] of 1884, which led to the creation of the [[bureaucratic]] [[Deep State]].<ref>Earle, Peter C. (November 14, 2019). [https://www.aier.org/article/the-birth-of-the-deep-state-a-history/ The Birth of the Deep State: A History]. ''American Institute for Economic Research''.</ref> Under the Pendleton Act, [[racist]] civil servants were no longer dependent up the [[patronage]] of an elected Democrat official, and were protected from firing when Democrats were voted out of office.

The Half-Breeds were led by [[corrupt]] [[U.S. Senator]] [[James G. Blaine]] of [[Maine]]. The group's main achievement was the passage of the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] of 1884, which led to the creation of the [[bureaucratic]] [[Deep State]].<ref>Earle, Peter C. (November 14, 2019). [https://www.aier.org/article/the-birth-of-the-deep-state-a-history/ The Birth of the Deep State: A History]. ''American Institute for Economic Research''.</ref> Under the Pendleton Act, [[racist]] civil servants were no longer dependent up the [[patronage]] of an elected Democrat official, and were protected from firing when Democrats were voted out of office.