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[[File:John Logan.jpg|right|150px|Gen. John Logan]]
[[File:John Logan.jpg|right|150px|Gen. John Logan]]
'''John Alexander Logan''' ("Black Jack" Logan) (1826 – 1886) was an American General, and a prominent Democrat politician. He participate in the [[Mexican War|Mexican–American War]] and served in the Union Army in the [[American Civil War]]. He was Senator from Illinois and candidate for Vice President of the United States.
'''John Alexander Logan, Sr.''' (February 9, 1826 – December 26, 1886), also known as '''Black Jack''', was an American General, and a prominent Democrat-turned-Republican politician. He participated in the [[Mexican War|Mexican–American War]] and served in the Union Army in the [[American Civil War]]. Logan was later a U.S. senator from Illinois and candidate for Vice President of the United States.
Logan's name is mentioned in the [[Illinois]] State Song.
Logan's name is mentioned in the [[Illinois]] State Song.
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== External links ==
==Political career==
Until the 1860s, Logan was a registered member of the [[Democratic Party]], and became a Republican out of support for the policies of the [[Radical Republicans]].<ref>Jones, John Pickett (1982). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IpkCCUxeyW8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois], p. 2–3. ''Google Books''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> He always held a disdain for the [[Confederacy]], forcefully denouncing them as traitors who instigated bloodshed and chaos.
Logan was a fierce advocate of ensuring and protecting the constitutional rights of blacks against Democrat infringements, fighting based on personal moral convictions. In spite of [[historical revisionism]] which suggests that this was merely political opportunism, Logan's vocal support for black suffrage had little to profit from.<ref>''John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois'', p. xi.</ref> According to his biography ''John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois'':
{{cquote|In the last years of his career, no white American in elective office was more admired and none hailed more often as a staunch friend of black Americans than John A. Logan.|||Jones, p. xi}}
===U.S. House of Representatives===
Following two unsuccessful bids for Congress in the 1858 midterms and in 1860,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=8681 Candidate - John Alexander Logan]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> Logan was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives]] from Illinois' at-large congressional district in the 1866 midterms by sixteen percentage points.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=634056 IL At-Large Race - Nov 06, 1866]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> He was re-elected in 1868<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=629386 IL At-Large Race - Nov 03, 1868]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> and 1870,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=629384 IL At-Large Race - Nov 08, 1870]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</ref> with considerably narrower victory margins of 11% and 8% respectively.
In the House, Logan emerged as an avid ally of Radical Republicans, frequently being quick to denounce Democrats as traitorous Confederates and [[Copperheads]] who dragged the nation into misery;<ref>''John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois'', pp. 9–10.</ref> this tactic was known as "waving the bloody shirt."
At one point, a bill providing a million dollars in relief to destitute Southerners prompted debate in the House chamber. Logan and fellow Radical Republican Benjamin F. "Ben" Butler of [[Massachusetts]] opposed the legislation on the grounds that it would designate pensions for soldiers in the Confederate military.<ref>''John A. Logan: Stalwart Republican from Illinois'', p. 6.</ref> Basing his stance on both the "bloody shirt" political style in addition to opposing federal action pertaining to state relief, Logan stated:
{{cquote|Although there are many poor people in the Northwest, we do not understand that we have a right to come to Congress to be fed.|||Logan, late 1870s}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://logan-twp.org/about.htm The Township of Logan]
*[http://logan-twp.org/about.htm The Township of Logan]
*[http://www.usmemorialday.org/backgrnd.html Memorial Day History]
*[http://www.usmemorialday.org/backgrnd.html Memorial Day History]