Changes

The newly sworn president, Arthur, was expected by many to act on his Stalwart roots against civil service reform.<ref name=garfieldandarthur/> Congressional Half-Breeds in addition to a number of Jim Crow Democrats led by [[Ohio]] senator [[George H. Pendleton]] drafted and pushed through the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]], which itself only dealt with 11% of federal employee posts though created a Civil Service Commission to dismantle patronage machines over time.<ref name=garfieldandarthur/>

The newly sworn president, Arthur, was expected by many to act on his Stalwart roots against civil service reform.<ref name=garfieldandarthur/> Congressional Half-Breeds in addition to a number of Jim Crow Democrats led by [[Ohio]] senator [[George H. Pendleton]] drafted and pushed through the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]], which itself only dealt with 11% of federal employee posts though created a Civil Service Commission to dismantle patronage machines over time.<ref name=garfieldandarthur/>

The assassination of Garfield only embarrassed the Stalwarts, whose leader Conkling elicited blame for Guiteau's actions. As the nation turned to support a new era governed in part by a civil service system rather than patronage politics, the vast majority of Stalwart Republicans voted for the Pendleton Act. No Senate Republican voted against the bill, and GOP House opposition came from only seven members:<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/47-2/h272 TO PASS S. 133, A BILL REGULATING AND IMPROVING THE U. S. CIVIL SERVICE. (J.P. 163).] ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref>

The assassination of Garfield only embarrassed the Stalwarts, whose leader Conkling elicited blame for Guiteau's actions. As the nation turned to support a new era governed in part by a civil service system rather than patronage politics, the vast majority of Stalwart Republicans voted for the Pendleton Act. No Senate Republican voted against the bill,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/47-2/s646 TO PASS S. 133.] ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref> and GOP House opposition came from only seven members:<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/47-2/h272 TO PASS S. 133, A BILL REGULATING AND IMPROVING THE U. S. CIVIL SERVICE. (J.P. 163).] ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref>

*Benjamin Marsh of Illinois' 10th congressional district

*Benjamin Marsh of Illinois' 10th congressional district

*[[John R. Thomas]] of Illinois' 18th congressional district

*[[John R. Thomas]] of Illinois' 18th congressional district