Changes

===1880: Stalwarts push for unprecedented third Grant term===

===1880: Stalwarts push for unprecedented third Grant term===

Hayes' actions as president alienated not only congressional Stalwarts, but Half-Breeds as well.<ref name=garfieldandarthur/> In the [[United States presidential election, 1880|1880 presidential election]], Stalwarts led by Conkling successfully urged former Radical Republican president [[Ulysses Grant]] to seek a non-consecutive, third term.<ref name=npsinfo/> Half-Breeds coalesced around Maine senator [[James G. Blaine]], who opposed civil service reform<ref name=garfieldandarthur/><ref group=note>A common narrative goes as follows: "Blaine was the leader of the Half-Breeds who supported civil service reform." This is despite Blaine not taking part in Half-Breed politics during the Hayes presidency, in addition to his opposition to civil service reform despite what the narrative implies.</ref> though aligned with the moderate faction with his viewpoints on industrial interests and protective tariffs. Blaine, however, refused to join the Stalwarts due to a personal feud with Conkling.<ref name=theremarkableroscoept1/>

Hayes' actions as president alienated not only congressional Stalwarts, but Half-Breeds as well.<ref name=garfieldandarthur/><ref name=patronagetariffsgold/> In the [[United States presidential election, 1880|1880 presidential election]], Stalwarts led by Conkling successfully urged former Radical Republican president [[Ulysses Grant]] to seek a non-consecutive, third term.<ref name=npsinfo/> Half-Breeds coalesced around Maine senator [[James G. Blaine]], who opposed civil service reform<ref name=garfieldandarthur/><ref group=note>A common narrative goes as follows: "Blaine was the leader of the Half-Breeds who supported civil service reform." This is despite Blaine not taking part in Half-Breed politics during the Hayes presidency, in addition to his opposition to civil service reform despite what the narrative implies.</ref> though aligned with the moderate faction with his viewpoints on industrial interests and protective tariffs. Blaine, however, refused to join the Stalwarts due to a personal feud with Conkling.<ref name=theremarkableroscoept1/>

Although Grant had previously pushed for some degree of civil service reform as president, he became disenchanted with Hayes' efforts to effectively dismantle the Stalwarts' patronage machines.<ref name=npsinfo/> Conkling, who previously was a close ally to Grant during the latter's presidency, once again became a right-hand man.

Although Grant had previously pushed for some degree of civil service reform as president, he became disenchanted with Hayes' efforts to effectively dismantle the Stalwarts' patronage machines.<ref name=npsinfo/> Conkling, who previously was a close ally to Grant during the latter's presidency, once again became a right-hand man.