Changes

The assassination of Garfield only embarrassed the Stalwarts, whose leader Conkling elicited blame for Guiteau's actions. As the nation turned to support a new era governed in part by a civil service system rather than patronage politics, the vast majority of Stalwart Republicans voted for the Pendleton Act. No Senate Republican voted against the bill,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/47-2/s646 TO PASS S. 133.] ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref> and GOP House opposition came from only seven members:<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/47-2/h272 TO PASS S. 133, A BILL REGULATING AND IMPROVING THE U. S. CIVIL SERVICE. (J.P. 163).] ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref>

The assassination of Garfield only embarrassed the Stalwarts, whose leader Conkling elicited blame for Guiteau's actions. As the nation turned to support a new era governed in part by a civil service system rather than patronage politics, the vast majority of Stalwart Republicans voted for the Pendleton Act. No Senate Republican voted against the bill,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/47-2/s646 TO PASS S. 133.] ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref> and GOP House opposition came from only seven members:<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/47-2/h272 TO PASS S. 133, A BILL REGULATING AND IMPROVING THE U. S. CIVIL SERVICE. (J.P. 163).] ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref>

*Benjamin F. Marsh of Illinois' 10th congressional district

*Benjamin F. Marsh of Illinois' 10th congressional district, Colonel in the Civil War

*[[John R. Thomas]] of Illinois' 18th congressional district, later a district judge for Indian Territory

*[[John R. Thomas]] of Illinois' 18th congressional district, later a district judge for Indian Territory

*[[George W. Steele]] of Indiana's 11th congressional district, later a brief governor of Oklahoma Territory in the 1890s

*[[George W. Steele]] of Indiana's 11th congressional district, later a brief governor of Oklahoma Territory in the 1890s

*[[Orlando Hubbs]] of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district, a [[carpetbagger]] who was relatively pro-civil rights and utilized patronage to benefit political friends<ref>Anderson, Eric D. (1988). [https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/hubbs-orlando Hubbs, Orlando]. ''NCPedia''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref>

*[[Orlando Hubbs]] of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district, a [[carpetbagger]] who was relatively pro-civil rights and utilized patronage to benefit political friends<ref>Anderson, Eric D. (1988). [https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/hubbs-orlando Hubbs, Orlando]. ''NCPedia''. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</ref>

*James S. Robinson of Ohio's 9th congressional district

*James S. Robinson of Ohio's 9th congressional district, Brigadier General in the Civil War

*Robert Smalls of South Carolina's 5th congressional district, maritime pilot in the Civil War and former slave

*Robert Smalls of South Carolina's 5th congressional district, maritime pilot in the Civil War and former slave

*[[William R. Moore]] of Tennessee's 10th congressional district, businessman and [[entrepreneur]] who founded the William R. Moore College of Technology

*[[William R. Moore]] of Tennessee's 10th congressional district, businessman and [[entrepreneur]] who founded the William R. Moore College of Technology