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==Location of the temple==

==Location of the temple==

The issue of where the Jewish temple stood has attracted both interest and controversy. Traditionally, the temple was said to have been at the location where the Dome of the Rock now stands. In modern times, various sites on the Temple Mount have been suggested.<ref name="dolphin">Dolphin, Lambert and Kollen, Michael, "[http://www.templemount.org/theories.html On The Location of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem]."</ref> The idea that the temple was located outside the Temple Mount has also received attention, but is rejected by specialists as a fringe theory.<ref>Ruth Schuster and Ran Shapira, "[https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/were-there-jewish-temples-on-temple-mount-yes-1.5411705 Were There Jewish Temples on Temple Mount?]", ''Haaretz'', Jul 24, 2017.</ref> Archaeological digs on the Temple Mount are banned by the Waqf, making the issue difficult to resolve.[[File:Tuvia_Sagiv,_Temple_Mount_in_Jerusalem_with_the_Hadrian_temple_of_Jupiter_in_Baalbek_in_Lebanon_overlaid.jpg|thumb|left|The black lines represent the current Temple Mount, blue is Hadrian's Temple to Jupiter in Baalbek, Lebanon, and red is a possible plan for the Herodian temple. Like the Temple to Jupiter in Jerusalem, the Baalbek temple was built by Hadrian. If the design of the Jerusalem temple was similar, the site of the octogonal Dome of the Rock corresponds to that of the hexagonal forecourt of Hadrian's temple. Drawing by Tuvia Sagiv.]]

The issue of where the Jewish temple stood has attracted both interest and controversy. Traditionally, the temple was said to have been at the location where the Dome of the Rock now stands. In modern times, various sites on the Temple Mount have been suggested.<ref name="dolphin">Dolphin, Lambert and Kollen, Michael, "[http://www.templemount.org/theories.html On The Location of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem]."</ref> The idea that the temple was located outside the Temple Mount has also received attention, but is rejected by specialists as a fringe theory.<ref>Ruth Schuster and Ran Shapira, "[https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/were-there-jewish-temples-on-temple-mount-yes-1.5411705 Were There Jewish Temples on Temple Mount?]", ''Haaretz'', Jul 24, 2017.</ref> Archaeological digs on the Temple Mount are banned by the Waqf, making the issue difficult to resolve.

===Dome of the Rock===

===Dome of the Rock===

After conquering Jerusalem, the Arabs built the Dome of the Rock in 691. The building is connected to the sanctuary in Jewish literature beginning with ''Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer'', written shortly after 833.<ref>Friedlander, Gerald, ''Pirkê de rabbi Eliezer,'' Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co. Ltd., London, 1916, p. 221. "[The Arabs] will fence in the breaches of the walls of the Temple and construct a building on the site of the sanctuary."</ref> During the Crusader period, Al-Aqsa was called Solomon's Temple while the Dome was the Temple of God.

After conquering Jerusalem, the Arabs built the Dome of the Rock in 691. The building is connected to the sanctuary in Jewish literature beginning with ''Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer'', written shortly after 833.<ref>Friedlander, Gerald, ''Pirkê de rabbi Eliezer,'' Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co. Ltd., London, 1916, p. 221. "[The Arabs] will fence in the breaches of the walls of the Temple and construct a building on the site of the sanctuary."</ref> During the Crusader period, Al-Aqsa was called Solomon's Temple while the Dome was the Temple of God.

===al-Kas Fountain===

===al-Kas Fountain===

Fortress Antonia, where Jesus was condemned by Pontius Pilate, overlooked the temple, according to Josephus. In modern times, the Dome is the high point of the Temple Mount. If Antonia was located at what is now the Dome, that would place the temple at al-Kas Fountain, according to Tel Aviv architect Tuvia Sagiv. This location is midway between the Dome and al-Aqsa. This area was landscaped and flattened by Hadrian. If the temple was at this site, it is now under 17 meters of earth.<ref name="dolphin"/>

Fortress Antonia, where Jesus was condemned by Pontius Pilate, overlooked the temple, according to Josephus. In modern times, the Dome is the high point of the Temple Mount. If Antonia was located at what is now the Dome, that would place the temple at al-Kas Fountain, according to Tel Aviv architect Tuvia Sagiv. This location is midway between the Dome and al-Aqsa. This area was landscaped and flattened by Hadrian. If the temple was at this site, it is now under 17 meters of earth.<ref name="dolphin"/>