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The prototypical fascist regime was that of [[Benito Mussolini]], who ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943.  Mussolini argued that "If it is admitted that the nineteenth century has been the century of Socialism, Liberalism and Democracy, it does not follow that the twentieth must also be the century of Liberalism, Socialism and Democracy. Political doctrines pass; peoples remain. It is to be expected that this century may be that of authority, a century of the "Right," a Fascist century." <ref>[http://www.historyguide.org/europe/duce.html  "Mussolini, Doctrine of Fascism (1932)"]</ref>  German [[Nazism]] referred to government mandated corporatist entities as industrial cartels and added an obsession with [[collectivist]] view of [[race]].  Austrian economist [[Friedrich Hayek]] observed in the final stages of [[World War II]], "the rise of fascism and [[Marxism]] was not a reaction against the socialist trends of the preceding period but a necessary outcome of those tendencies. Yet it is significant that many of the leaders of these movements, from Mussolini down (and including Vichy French prime minister [[Pierre Laval]] and Norwegian puppet ruler [[Vidkun Quisling]]) began as socialists and ended as fascists or Nazis.<ref>Friedrich A. Hayek, [http://www.iea.org.uk/files/upld-publication43pdf?.pdf ''Road to Serfdom'',] Reader's Digest Condensed Version, April 1945, pg. 31 - 32.</ref>

The prototypical fascist regime was that of [[Benito Mussolini]], who ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943.  Mussolini argued that "If it is admitted that the nineteenth century has been the century of Socialism, Liberalism and Democracy, it does not follow that the twentieth must also be the century of Liberalism, Socialism and Democracy. Political doctrines pass; peoples remain. It is to be expected that this century may be that of authority, a century of the "Right," a Fascist century." <ref>[http://www.historyguide.org/europe/duce.html  "Mussolini, Doctrine of Fascism (1932)"]</ref>  German [[Nazism]] referred to government mandated corporatist entities as industrial cartels and added an obsession with [[collectivist]] view of [[race]].  Austrian economist [[Friedrich Hayek]] observed in the final stages of [[World War II]], "the rise of fascism and [[Marxism]] was not a reaction against the socialist trends of the preceding period but a necessary outcome of those tendencies. Yet it is significant that many of the leaders of these movements, from Mussolini down (and including Vichy French prime minister [[Pierre Laval]] and Norwegian puppet ruler [[Vidkun Quisling]]) began as socialists and ended as fascists or Nazis.<ref>Friedrich A. Hayek, [http://www.iea.org.uk/files/upld-publication43pdf?.pdf ''Road to Serfdom'',] Reader's Digest Condensed Version, April 1945, pg. 31 - 32.</ref>

Fascism as an ideological theory was comprehensively discredited in the eyes of most Westerners because of the defeat of the [[Axis]] powers in [[World War II]].

Fascism as an ideological theory was discredited in the eyes of most Westerners because of the defeat of the [[Axis]] powers in [[World War II]].

While not considered fascist by most scholars, some authoritarian regimes cooperated with fascist groups and included some corporatist elements of fascism. These include those of [[Francisco Franco]] in Spain (1936–1975) and [[Antonio Salazar]] in [[Portugal]] (1932–1968). Similarly, various authoritarian regimes who were anti-Communist were often falsely conflated with fascism by leftists, with examples including Muhammad [[Suharto]] of [[Indonesia]] and [[Augusto Pinochet]] of [[Chile]].

While not considered fascist by most scholars, some authoritarian regimes cooperated with fascist groups and included some corporatist elements of fascism. These include those of [[Francisco Franco]] in Spain (1936–1975) and [[Antonio Salazar]] in [[Portugal]] (1932–1968). Similarly, various authoritarian regimes who were anti-Communist were often falsely conflated with fascism by leftists, with examples including Muhammad [[Suharto]] of [[Indonesia]] and [[Augusto Pinochet]] of [[Chile]].