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Line 17: − − ==Giovanni Gentile - Fascism's founding philosopher == − [[Giovanni Gentile]] was the ideological father of Fascism. He was student of [[Karl Marx]].
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==Background==
==Background==
[[Giovanni Gentile]] is considered the ideological father of Fascism. Gentile was student of [[Karl Marx]].
Fascism was influential in [[Portugal]] as well, and had followers in most European countries and in [[Argentina]]. The last regime that had some fascist elements, that of [[Francisco Franco]] in [[Spain]], came to an end in 1975. Fascism was falsely considered "[[Right-wing|Far-Right]]" in politics, mostly due to [[Joseph Stalin]] denouncing Hitler and the [[National Socialist]]s as "right-wing" after World War II (and to a lesser extent the [[Frankfurt School]], in particular [[Theodor Adorno]] and [[Herbert Marcuse]], exploiting the [[American Jewish Committee]]'s attempt at investigating the cause of fascism to prevent another holocaust to push Marxism.<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/267543/big-liar-dinesh-dsouza </ref>), but it in reality was considered closer to the [[far-Left]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191104161810/https://www.regnery.com/books/the-big-lie/</ref> Indeed, in a speech delivered on February 23, 1941 at Rome, Mussolini had stated that "When [World War II] is over, in the world's social revolution that will be followed by a more equitable distribution of the earth's riches, due account must be kept of the sacrifices and of the discipline maintained by the Italian workers. The Fascist revolution will make another decisive step to shorten social distances.", which made very clear that even by that point, fascism was far closer to socialism than to true conservativism.<ref>http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/410223a.html</ref>
Fascism was influential in [[Portugal]] as well, and had followers in most European countries and in [[Argentina]]. The last regime that had some fascist elements, that of [[Francisco Franco]] in [[Spain]], came to an end in 1975. Fascism was falsely considered "[[Right-wing|Far-Right]]" in politics, mostly due to [[Joseph Stalin]] denouncing Hitler and the [[National Socialist]]s as "right-wing" after World War II (and to a lesser extent the [[Frankfurt School]], in particular [[Theodor Adorno]] and [[Herbert Marcuse]], exploiting the [[American Jewish Committee]]'s attempt at investigating the cause of fascism to prevent another holocaust to push Marxism.<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/267543/big-liar-dinesh-dsouza </ref>), but it in reality was considered closer to the [[far-Left]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191104161810/https://www.regnery.com/books/the-big-lie/</ref> Indeed, in a speech delivered on February 23, 1941 at Rome, Mussolini had stated that "When [World War II] is over, in the world's social revolution that will be followed by a more equitable distribution of the earth's riches, due account must be kept of the sacrifices and of the discipline maintained by the Italian workers. The Fascist revolution will make another decisive step to shorten social distances.", which made very clear that even by that point, fascism was far closer to socialism than to true conservativism.<ref>http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/410223a.html</ref>
The name "fascism" derives from an ancient [[Roman]] symbol, the ''[[fasces]]'', a group of birch rods bundled together with an axe. It symbolizes [[strength]] in [[unity]]; the rods are weak by themselves but strong when bundled together. Historian [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]] has stated,
The name "fascism" derives from an ancient [[Roman]] symbol, the ''[[fasces]]'', a group of birch rods bundled together with an axe. It symbolizes [[strength]] in [[unity]]; the rods are weak by themselves but strong when bundled together. Historian [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]] has stated,
{{Cquote|The Fascists were not conservative in any very meaningful sense. They did not wish to preserve the existing order, or even to turn back the clock to some more stable century. They purposefully planned to transform the existing order into a new and all-absorbing authoritarianism, based upon the energies and frustrations of modern industrialism. The Fascists, in a meaningful sense, were [[revolution]]aries.<ref>[http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schlesinger-notrightleft.html Not Right, Not Left, But a Vital Center], [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]], ''New York Times Magazine'', April 4, 1948.</ref>}}<br>
{{Cquote|The Fascists were not conservative in any very meaningful sense. They did not wish to preserve the existing order, or even to turn back the clock to some more stable century. They purposefully planned to transform the existing order into a new and all-absorbing authoritarianism, based upon the energies and frustrations of modern industrialism. The Fascists, in a meaningful sense, were [[revolution]]aries.<ref>[http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schlesinger-notrightleft.html Not Right, Not Left, But a Vital Center], [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]], ''New York Times Magazine'', April 4, 1948.</ref>}}<br>
== Beliefs ==
== Beliefs ==