Changes

[[File:Textus Receptus by Erasmus.jpeg|thumb|The last page of the 1516 edition of Textus Receptus by Erasmus. A Latin translation by Erasmus is on the right.]]'''Textus Receptus''', or "Received Text," was a [[Greek]] text of the [[New Testament]] that was used by translators of the [[Reformation]] era. The earliest edition was published by [[Erasmus]] in 1516 in [[Basel]]. It was based on manuscripts available locally. Erasmus made numerous corrections in succeeding editions. For the fourth edition, he consulted the ''Complutensian Polyglot Bible,'' which is based on manuscripts kept at the Vatican Library in Rome. Erasmus published a fifth and final edition in 1536.

[[File:Textus Receptus by Erasmus.jpeg|thumb|The last page of the 1516 edition of Textus Receptus by Erasmus. A Latin translation by Erasmus is on the right.]]'''Textus Receptus''', or "Received Text," was a [[Greek]] text of the [[New Testament]] that was used by translators of the [[Reformation]] era. The earliest edition was published by [[Erasmus]] in 1516 in [[Basel]]. It was based on manuscripts available locally. Erasmus made numerous corrections in succeeding editions. For the fourth edition, he consulted the ''Complutensian Polyglot Bible,'' which is based on manuscripts kept at the Vatican Library in Rome. Erasmus published a fifth and final edition in 1536.

The classic edition of TR is the ''Editio Regia'' of 1550 by Robert Stephanus. The Greek is based on the later editions by Erasmus. Stephanus added footnotes with alternative readings from other manuscripts. The [[King James Version]] is based on a 1598 edition by [[Theodore Beza]]. Beza reprinted the Greek text and footnotes from ''Editio Regia'' and added a Latin translation of his own.<ref name="Greek">"[https://deeperstudy.blogspot.com/2007/10/steve-i-have-been-trying-to-find-which.html Greek Text Behind the King James (Authorised Version)]"</ref>

The classic edition of TR is the ''Editio Regia'' (royal edition) of 1550 by Robert Stephanus. The Greek is based on the later editions by Erasmus. Stephanus added footnotes with alternative readings from other manuscripts. The [[King James Version]] is based on a 1598 edition by [[Theodore Beza]]. Beza reprinted the Greek text and footnotes from ''Editio Regia'' and added a Latin translation of his own.<ref name="Greek">"[https://deeperstudy.blogspot.com/2007/10/steve-i-have-been-trying-to-find-which.html Greek Text Behind the King James (Authorised Version)]"</ref>

The name ''Textus Receptus'' is from a Latin phrase used in the preface of a 1624 edition by Bonaventure Elzevir: ''Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum.'' (So [the reader] has the text which all now receive.)<ref>Thomas Holland, ''Crowned With Glory: The Bible from Ancient Text to Authorized Version'' (Lincoln, NE: Writers Club Press, 2000), 253.</ref>

The name ''Textus Receptus'' is from a Latin phrase used in the preface of a 1624 edition by Bonaventure Elzevir: ''Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum.'' (So [the reader] has the text which all now receive.)<ref>Thomas Holland, ''Crowned With Glory: The Bible from Ancient Text to Authorized Version'' (Lincoln, NE: Writers Club Press, 2000), 253.</ref>

== Later editions ==

== Later editions ==

In 1550 Robert Stephanus produced a beautifully printed edition that added footnotes containing text from the Bezae and Regius codices. This is considered the classic edition of TR and is referred to as ''Editio Regia'' (royal edition). In 1551, Stephanus added a verse numbering system that is still used in modern Bibles. As for the text itself, Stephanus did little to improve on what Erasmus published.

In 1550 Robert Stephanus produced a beautifully printed edition that added footnotes containing text from the Bezae and Regius codices. This is considered the classic edition of TR and is referred to as ''Editio Regia''. In 1551, Stephanus added a verse numbering system that is still used in modern Bibles. As for the text itself, Stephanus did little to improve on what Erasmus published.

The KJV translators consulted a 1598 reprint of ''Edito Regia'' by Theodore Beza as well as several other editions. The ''Scrivener New Testament'' (1894) reconstructs the underlying Greek text they used. Scrivener found only 190 verses where the KJV did not correspond to Beza text.<ref name="Greek"/>

The KJV translators consulted a 1598 reprint of ''Edito Regia'' by Theodore Beza as well as several other editions. The ''Scrivener New Testament'' (1894) reconstructs the underlying Greek text they used. Scrivener found only 190 verses where KJV did not correspond to Beza text.<ref name="Greek"/>

In 1720, Richard Bentley proposed that TR be replaced with a Greek text based on ''Alexandrinus''.<ref>Bentley, Richard, ''Proposals for a New Edition of the Greek Testament'', 1720.</ref> In the early 19th century, Karl Lachmann developed a methodology which allowed a critic to determine which manuscript variants are likely to be closer to the original. He assigned manuscripts to various text types. In 1850, he published a Greek New Testament based on manuscripts of the Alexandrian type. In 1881, B.F. Westcott and  F.J.A. Hort published a critical text based on ''[[Codex Sinaiticus]]'', ''[[Codex Vaticanus]]'', a manuscript in the Vatican Library, and ''Alexandrinus.''

In 1720, Richard Bentley proposed that TR be replaced with a Greek text based on ''Alexandrinus''.<ref>Bentley, Richard, ''Proposals for a New Edition of the Greek Testament'', 1720.</ref> In the early 19th century, Karl Lachmann developed a methodology which allowed a critic to determine which manuscript variants are likely to be closer to the original. He assigned manuscripts to various text types. In 1850, he published a Greek New Testament based on manuscripts of the Alexandrian type. In 1881, B.F. Westcott and  F.J.A. Hort published a critical text based on ''[[Codex Sinaiticus]]'', ''[[Codex Vaticanus]]'', a manuscript in the Vatican Library, and ''Alexandrinus.''