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→Relations with the United States
Turkey is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It has signed free trade agreements with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Israel, and many other countries. In 1992 Turkey and 10 other regional nations formed the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Council to expand regional trade and economic cooperation. Turkey chaired BSEC in 2007 and hosted in Istanbul the 15th BSEC Summit in June 2007.
Turkey is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It has signed free trade agreements with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Israel, and many other countries. In 1992 Turkey and 10 other regional nations formed the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Council to expand regional trade and economic cooperation. Turkey chaired BSEC in 2007 and hosted in Istanbul the 15th BSEC Summit in June 2007.
===Relations with the United States===
====Relations with the United States====
U.S.-Turkish friendship dates to the late 18th century and was officially sealed by a treaty in 1830. The present close relationship began with the agreement of July 12, 1947, which implemented the Truman Doctrine. As part of the cooperative effort to further Turkish economic and military self-reliance, the United States has loaned and granted Turkey more than $12.5 billion in economic aid and more than $14 billion in military assistance.
U.S.-Turkish friendship dates to the late 18th century and was officially sealed by a treaty in 1830. The present close relationship began with the agreement of July 12, 1947, which implemented the Truman Doctrine. As part of the cooperative effort to further Turkish economic and military self-reliance, the United States has loaned and granted Turkey more than $12.5 billion in economic aid and more than $14 billion in military assistance.
The U.S. and Turkey have had a Joint Economic Commission and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, which last met in Washington in April 2007, for several years. In 2002, the two countries indicated their joint intent to upgrade bilateral economic relations by launching an Economic Partnership Commission, which last convened in Ankara in February 2007. In 2006, Turkish exports to the U.S. totaled about $5.4 billion, and U.S. exports to Turkey totaled $5.7 billion.
The U.S. and Turkey have had a Joint Economic Commission and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, which last met in Washington in April 2007, for several years. In 2002, the two countries indicated their joint intent to upgrade bilateral economic relations by launching an Economic Partnership Commission, which last convened in Ankara in February 2007. In 2006, Turkish exports to the U.S. totaled about $5.4 billion, and U.S. exports to Turkey totaled $5.7 billion.
[[Condoleezza Rice]] ones described Turkey as “a vital and strategic partner of the United States”. But since the tenure of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan these times are over.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/article/348422/erdo%C4%9Fan%E2%80%99s-agenda</ref> For example, he equated [[Zionism]] with [[Fascism]], [[John Kerry]] criticized him for this statement.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/01/official-kerry-to-rap-turkey-pm-for-remark/</ref> Yet, after Erdogan previously using extreme silly diatribe against Israel, In Mar 2022,<ref>AFP News Agency@AFP·2h#UPDATE Israel and Turkey proclaimed a new era in relations on Wednesday following more than a decade of diplomatic rupture, as Israeli President Isaac Herzog made a landmark visit to Ankara. ([http://twitter.com/AFP/status/1501659337646911499 Mar 9, 2022]).</ref> <i>[[Israel]] and Turkey proclaimed a new era in relations on Wednesday following more than a decade of diplomatic rupture, as Israeli President Isaac Herzog made a landmark visit to Ankara.</i>
[[Condoleezza Rice]] ones described Turkey as “a vital and strategic partner of the United States”. But since the tenure of [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] these times are over.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/article/348422/erdo%C4%9Fan%E2%80%99s-agenda</ref> Erdoğan - a dictator<ref>[https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/11/turkey-erdogan-coup-hdp-pkk-syria-gulen-ypg Turkey's Fascist Slide] Güney Işıkara, Alp Kayserilioğlu, Max Zirngast, Jacobin, Nov 10, 2016.
<i>Turkish president Erdoğan is wielding the state to attack anyone who won't capitulate to his authoritarian rule.</i></ref><ref>[https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7054718/ Erdogan: The Dictator's Republic], Imbd,
2017</ref><ref>[https://stockholmcf.org/turkish-journalist-goes-on-trial-for-insulting-erdogan-in-fascist-dictatorship-column/ Turkish journalist goes on trial for insulting Erdoğan in ‘fascist dictatorship’ column] SCF, June 28, 2018</ref><ref>[https://euobserver.com/political/147624 What does Erdoğan want?] Robert Debeuf, EU Observer, Mar 4, 2020.
<i>
"Shameful...unacceptable....blackmail...dictator." European leaders didn't spare their words to condemn Turkey's president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan after his decision on Friday (28 February) to open its border with Greece and let refugees enter into Europe.
On Monday, Erdoğan stepped up his game warning that "millions" of refugees would come to Europe.
He also said he refused €1m in extra cash, saying "we don't want this money".
Despite this statement, former Nato secretary-general Willy Claes said on Belgian television that Erdogan is "a dictator" and that "all he wants is money".</i></ref><ref>[https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/11/16/biden-action-against-erdogan/amp/ Will Biden Turn His Words Against Dictator Erdoğan Into Action?]Adulrahman Taleb, Greek City Times, Nov 16, 2020.
<i>Furthermore, Biden openly attacked dictator Erdoğan and called him an “autocrat” and promised that he will work with the opposition parties.</i></ref><ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2020/12/31/what-the-biden-presidency-means-for-turkey-and-erdogan-post-trump.html Erdogan should be very, very worried': What the Biden presidency means for Turkey] Natasha Turak, CNBC, Dec 31, 2020.
<i>In an interview last January, Biden called Erdogan an “autocrat,” criticized his actions toward the Kurds..</i></ref><ref>[https://amp.france24.com/en/20190313-netanyahu-hits-back-turkeys-dictator-erdogan Netanyahu hits back at 'Turkey's dictator Erdogan'], ''France 24'', Mar 13, 2019.
<i>Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Wednesday slammed Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan as a "dictator" and "a joke"...</i></ref> ethnic-cleanser, oppressor, Islamist<ref>[https://www.theglobalist.com/turkey-recep-tayyip-erdogan-eu-nato-kurds-islamism/ J’Accuse Erdogan] Alon Ben-Meir, Globalist, July 9, 2020.
<i>
The weaker Recep Tayyip Erdogan is at home politically, the longer the list of the Turkish President’s transgressions gets.</i>
<blockquote>
A preliminary list of Erdogan’s transgressions
For evidence, it is useful to assemble the list of transgressions that seem to be the only category Erdogan still seems to “excel” in.
Most fundamentally, Erdogan is violating every article of human rights in his own country, while being keen on destabilizing other countries by exploiting their weaknesses and resources in order to promote his nationalist agenda.
I count altogether 13 specific major transgressions:
1.Erdogan continues to commit gross human rights violations in Turkey by using the failed 2016 military coup as an excuse to silence the media.
Based on a judiciary that, for the most part, barely deserves that name, Erdogan has jailed over 150 journalists, incarcerated around 80,000 suspected of affiliation with the Gülen movement and purged 150,000 military officers and civil servants.
2.Erdogan engages in a systematic operation of ethnic cleansing against minorities in Turkey and northern Syria.
He invaded Syria to both prevent the Syrian Kurdish community from establishing autonomous rule, and to entrench for Turkey a permanent foothold in the country, which is bound to only prolong the conflict and further destabilize the region.
3.Erdogan systematically persecutes his own Kurdish community and continues a 50-year-old war against the PKK, which he views as a terrorist organization.
He also steadfastly refuses to resume negotiations with the Kurds — which account for as much as 20% of Turkey’s population — and end the carnage that has taken the lives of approximately 40,000 on both sides.
4.Erdogan purchased Russia’s S-400 air defense system which, once operational, NATO fears would seriously compromise the alliance’s intelligence sharing and technology — apart from being fully incompatible with NATO systems.
5.Erdogan invested heavily in promoting his Islamic agenda by supporting anti-Western Islamist extremist groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas and even ISIS.
6.Erdogan uses Islam as a political tool by building mosques and other Islamic theological institutions. He also sends his imams to teach and preach his brand of religious nationalism in many countries in the Middle East and the Balkans.
7.Erdogan violated U.S. sanctions against Iran by laundering up to $20 billion in an oil-for-gold scheme from 2012-2018, and he continues to cooperate and trade with Tehran in defiance of Western interests.
8.Erdogan made a deal with Putin in late 2019 to patrol northern Syria while working closely with Moscow and Tehran to delineate their spheres of influence in the country. He is thus leaving Syria de facto a divided state under their control, while significantly diminishing what’s left of Western influence.
9.Erdogan sent troops to support Libya’s Government of National Accord in an effort to establish a strong foothold in the country, exploiting its oil and gas and threatening the free flow of energy from the Eastern Mediterranean.
10.Erdogan violated a UN arms embargo while resisting NATO’s peace plans in Libya, including exercising extreme aggression against NATO ally France’s warship enforcing the embargo.
11.Erdogan blocked a NATO defense plan for the Baltics and Poland and regularly intimidates Greece, a NATO member state, violating the country’s airspace with Turkish military jets.
12.Erdogan is adamant about drilling for gas in the territorial waters of Cyprus and has begun plans to expand drilling off the coast of the Greek island of Crete.
In that pursuit, he remains at odds with Greece, Cyprus, Egypt and Israel over ownership of natural resources, threatening to use force to secure “his share” which could burgeon into a violent conflict.
13.Last but not least, Erdogan perpetuated the heated conflict with Cyprus over his demand that his puppet — the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — enjoy equal political power to the Republic of Cyprus, which is four times larger in population and territory and is an EU member state.</blockquote></ref><ref>[https://www.politico.eu/article/mario-draghi-dictator-recep-tayyip-erdogan-sofagate/ Italy’s Draghi slams Erdoğan as a ‘dictator’ after Sofagate] Giorgio Leali, Politico, April 8, 2021.
<i>
Italy's Prime Minister Mario Draghi slammed Turkish Presiden Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.</i></ref> fascist<ref>[https://turkeypurge.com/exiled-novelist-asli-erdogan-turkey-has-a-fascist-regime-it-is-not-yet-1940s-germany-but-1930s Exiled novelist Aslı Erdoğan: Turkey has a fascist regime. It is not yet 1940s Germany, but 1930s] TurkeyPurge, Aug 6, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/news/article/turkey-turning-into-fascist-dictatorship-meps-told Turkey turning into "fascist dictatorship", MEPs told] Martin Banks, The Parliament Magazine,, Nov 8, 2016
<i>
A leading Turkish opposition parliamentarian says that Turkey has been turned into a "fascist dictatorship" under its President, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.</i></ref><ref>[https://amp2.handelsblatt.com/recep-tayyip-erdogan-birth-of-a-dictator/23540062.html Recep Tayyip Erdogan: Birth of a Dictator] von John Blau, Handelsblatt, Dec 8, 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/19/jailed-turkish-editor-can-dundar-slams-eu-deal-with-erdogans-fascist-governmentJailed Turkish Editor slams EU deal with Erdogan's fascist government], Kareem Shaheen, Guardian, January 19, 2016</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/theworldpost/wp/2018/06/25/erdogan/ Opinion: Turkey takes a big step toward nationalist fascism] Omer Taspinar, Washington Post, June 25, 2018</ref> For example, he equated [[Zionism]] with [[Fascism]], [[John Kerry]] criticized him for this statement.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/01/official-kerry-to-rap-turkey-pm-for-remark/</ref> Yet, after Erdogan previously using extreme silly diatribe against Israel, In Mar 2022,<ref>AFP News Agency@AFP·2h#UPDATE Israel and Turkey proclaimed a new era in relations on Wednesday following more than a decade of diplomatic rupture, as Israeli President Isaac Herzog made a landmark visit to Ankara. ([http://twitter.com/AFP/status/1501659337646911499 Mar 9, 2022]).</ref> <i>[[Israel]] and Turkey proclaimed a new era in relations on Wednesday following more than a decade of diplomatic rupture, as Israeli President Isaac Herzog made a landmark visit to Ankara.</i>
==Economy==
==Economy==