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Line 3: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − {{cquote|The energy payback for a 2-megawatt wind turbine that lasts over 20 years is... 5-8 months.|||<ref>https://www.treehugger.com/renewable-energy/energy-paypack-2-megawatt-wind-turbine-lasts-over-20-years-5-8-months.html</ref>}}+ − + − {{cquote|Recent improvements in turbine technology has reduced the cost of wind energy, allowing electricity consumers and utilities to lock in low, affordable electricity rates through 20 to 30 year contracts.|||<ref>http://www.awea.org/falling-wind-energy-costs</ref>}} − + − {{cquote|2 Year Old Siemens Turbines Falling Apart: Wind Farm Investors, Get Out While You Can.|||<ref>https://stopthesethings.com/2015/02/01/2-year-old-siemens-turbines-falling-apart-wind-farm-investors-get-out-while-you-can/</ref>}} Line 22:
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At temperatures below -22° F, wind turbines cannot operate safely. They are shut down when they are needed most.<ref>https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/539004-as-nation-freezes-fossil-fuels-are-keeping-the-lights-and-heat-on</ref> Wind turbines can also overheat, catch fire and partially to totally disintegrate and collapse if pushed past their limits by excessive wind or other factors (as in one documented case, where a malfunctioning wind turbine overheated, caught fire and partially disintegrated during sub-freezing weather in rural Alberta, Canada, causing a brush fire as parts of the turbine fell off into nearby brush<ref>[https://twitter.com/MagnusAlmighty/status/1371104131570561025 Campaign for Change: "BREAKING:WIND TURBINE. LITERALLY. CREATES BRUSH FIRE"] at Twitter</ref>).
At temperatures below -22° F, wind turbines cannot operate safely. They are shut down when they are needed most.<ref>https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/539004-as-nation-freezes-fossil-fuels-are-keeping-the-lights-and-heat-on</ref> Wind turbines can also overheat, catch fire and partially to totally disintegrate and collapse if pushed past their limits by excessive wind or other factors (as in one documented case, where a malfunctioning wind turbine overheated, caught fire and partially disintegrated during sub-freezing weather in rural Alberta, Canada, causing a brush fire as parts of the turbine fell off into nearby brush<ref>[https://twitter.com/MagnusAlmighty/status/1371104131570561025 Campaign for Change: "BREAKING:WIND TURBINE. LITERALLY. CREATES BRUSH FIRE"] at Twitter</ref>).
==Growth of Wind Power in the United States==
* According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the share of U.S. [[electricity]] generation from wind grew from less than 1% in 1990 to about 8.4% in 2020. <ref> https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/wind/history-of-wind-power.php </ref> In its Annual Energy Outlook 2021, the U.S. Energy Information Administration projects that the share of renewables in the U.S. electricity generation mix will increase from 21% in 2020 to 42% in 2050. Wind and solar generation are responsible for most of that growth. <ref> https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/</ref>
* In 2019, wind turbines in [[Iowa]] generated more electricity than the state's coal-fired power plants for the first time. [[Coal]] generated 35% of the state's net electricity, down from 59% five years earlier. During the same period, wind power grew from 29% of the state's net generation to 42% in 2019. <ref> https://www.eia.gov/state/analysis.php?sid=IA</ref>
* [[Texas]] leads the nation in wind-powered generation and produced about 28% of all U.S. wind-powered electricity in 2020. Wind power surpassed the state's nuclear generation for the first time in 2014 and produced more than twice as much electricity as the state's two [[nuclear power]] plants combined in 2020.<ref>https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=TX</ref>
* [[California]] is the nation's fifth-largest producer of electricty from wind energy. Wind supplied 7% of California's in-state electricity net generation in 2019. <ref>https://www.eia.gov/state/analysis.php?sid=CA</ref>
==Common Wind Turbines for Producing Energy <ref> https://blog.arcadia.com/types-of-wind-turbines-being-used-today/</ref> ==
'''Horizontal Access Wind Turbine''' (HAWT) - Most widely used and are usually the first to come to mind when we think of wind energy. These turbines can have two, but more often three, blades on top of a tower reaching well over 200 meters. The largest turbine in development has 107 meter blades with a 14MW capacity. <ref> https://www.ge.com/renewableenergy/wind-energy/offshore-wind/haliade-x-offshore-turbine</ref>
'''Shrouded Turbine''' - Also known as Diffuser-Augmented Wind Turbines, have blades situated in a ring-shaped airfoil, which increases the airflow in the system.
'''Vertical Access Wind Turbine''' (VAWT) - These types of wind turbines harness power from the wind in the opposite direction than the HAWT. VAWT are used less frequently because their vertical design is not as effective or as efficient as the horizontal design.
'''Savonius Turbines''' - This wind turbine is shaped like an “S”. Wind is captured in its curves, which moves the device in a circle.
==Off-Shore Wind Farms==
* '''Hornsea Project One''' is an off-shore wind farm near the east coast of [[Yorkshire]] [[England]]. This farm has 174 turbines with a power generation capacity of 1.2GW. Hornsea Project Two is under construction and Hornsea Project Three is under consideration. <ref>https://www.power-technology.com/projects/hornsea-project-one-north-sea/</ref>
==Wind Farms in the United States==
* '''Alta Wind Energy Center''' - Also known as Mojave Wind Farm, is a 1,550MW wind farm in Kern county, California. <ref>https://www.power-technology.com/projects/alta-wind-energy-center-awec-california/</ref>
* '''Los Vientos Wind Farm''' - Is a 912 MW wind farm in Starr and Willacy counties in South Texas. <ref> https://www.power-technology.com/projects/los-vientos-wind-farm-texas/</ref>
* '''Shepherds Flat Wind Farm''' – Is a 845 MW wind farm spread over 30 square miles of area in the Morrow and Gilliam counties of Oregon. <ref>https://www.power-technology.com/projects/shepherds-flat-wind-farm-oregon/</ref>
* '''Roscoe Wind Farm''' - is 782 MW wind farm located 45 miles south-west of Abilene in Texas. <ref> https://www.power-technology.com/projects/roscoe-wind-farm/</ref>
* '''Horse Hollow Wind Energy Centre''' – Is a 735 MW wind farm in Taylor and Nolan counties, Texas <ref> https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/wind-power/horse-hollow-wind-energy-center-completes-662-mw-45971/#gref</ref>
==Extreme Weather Operation==
* '''Ross Island Wind Farm''' (RIWF) – Is a .99MW three-turbine wind farm located on Crater Hill, Ross Island, Antarctica. It is the southern-most wind farm in the world and supplies power to and links the electrical grids of both New Zealand’s Scott Base and the US’ McMurdo Station. <ref>https://www.power-technology.com/projects/rossislandwindfarm/#:~:text=The%200.99MW%20wind%20farm,stations%20on%20Ross%20Island%2C%20Antarctica. </ref>
* '''Kotzebue Electric Association''' runs a 915KW wind farm for the Alaskan community of Kotzebue, north of the arctic circle. <ref>https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/44522.pdf</ref>
==Levelized Cost of Electricity==
Levelized cost of electricity refers to the estimates of the revenue required to build and operate a generator over a specified cost recovery period. As of 2020, onshore wind turbines have a lower levelized cost than coal, combined cycle gas, and nuclear sources. <ref>https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/electricity_generation.pdf</ref>
== Controversy ==
== Controversy ==
There is a good deal of controversy over whether wind power is a good idea as a viable energy source. This should come as no surprise—energy is big business. A significant fraction of a nation's wealth goes into providing energy, and the energy companies (oil, gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, wind) have a lot at stake. They devote a lot of their resources into promoting their interests. As a relative newcomer to the field, and with a lot of technological advances going on, it's no surprise that wind power comes in for a lot of praise and criticism.
There is a good deal of controversy over whether wind power is a good idea as a viable energy source. This should come as no surprise—energy is big business. A significant fraction of a nation's wealth goes into providing energy, and the energy companies (oil, gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, wind) have a lot at stake. They devote a lot of their resources into promoting their interests. As a relative newcomer to the field, and with a lot of technological advances going on, it's no surprise that wind power comes in for a lot of praise and criticism.
On the pro-wind side, the "treehugger.com" (the name pretty much says it all) website says:
* On the pro-wind side, the "treehugger.com" (the name pretty much says it all) website says: ''The energy payback for a 2-megawatt wind turbine that lasts over 20 years is... 5-8 months.''<ref>https://www.treehugger.com/renewable-energy/energy-paypack-2-megawatt-wind-turbine-lasts-over-20-years-5-8-months.html</ref>
The American Wind Energy Association says:
*The American Wind Energy Association says: ''Recent improvements in turbine technology has reduced the cost of wind energy, allowing electricity consumers and utilities to lock in low, affordable electricity rates through 20 to 30 year contracts.''<ref>http://www.awea.org/falling-wind-energy-costs</ref>
On the anti-wind side, there are complaints of turbines requiring expensive maintenance, falling apart, and starting fires. From the "Stop These Things" ("We're not here to debate the wind industry, we're here to destroy it") website:
*On the anti-wind side, there are complaints of turbines requiring expensive maintenance, falling apart, and starting fires. From the "Stop These Things" ("We're not here to debate the wind industry, we're here to destroy it") website: ''2 Year Old Siemens Turbines Falling Apart: Wind Farm Investors, Get Out While You Can.'' <ref>https://stopthesethings.com/2015/02/01/2-year-old-siemens-turbines-falling-apart-wind-farm-investors-get-out-while-you-can/</ref>
== Cost breakdown ==
== Cost breakdown ==
The misconception is that you install a wind turbine and it will pay itself off within a decade. From that point out, it is a net energy gain at a fraction of a cost. Nothing can be further from the truth. Constant costs are involved in maintaining these mechanical structures; Overheating bearings, plastic that melts, gallons of brake oil leaking, gallons of hydraulic fluid leaking,<ref>[http://stopthesethings.com/2015/02/01/2-year-old-siemens-turbines-falling-apart-wind-farm-investors-get-out-while-you-can/ 2 Year Old Siemens Turbines Falling Apart: Wind Farm Investors, Get Out While You Can, Stopthesethings.com, February 1, 2015]</ref> blades that fall off, towers that collapse, replacement of yaw gear drives, bearings, gearboxes, brushes, and generators. The cost to put out wind turbine fires is also substantial. Some can self-extinguish small fires, but others need fire departments to extinguish turbines and put out the brush fires sometimes caused below.
The misconception is that you install a wind turbine and it will pay itself off within a decade. From that point out, it is a net energy gain at a fraction of a cost. Nothing can be further from the truth. Constant costs are involved in maintaining these mechanical structures; Overheating bearings, plastic that melts, gallons of brake oil leaking, gallons of hydraulic fluid leaking,<ref>[http://stopthesethings.com/2015/02/01/2-year-old-siemens-turbines-falling-apart-wind-farm-investors-get-out-while-you-can/ 2 Year Old Siemens Turbines Falling Apart: Wind Farm Investors, Get Out While You Can, Stopthesethings.com, February 1, 2015]</ref> blades that fall off, towers that collapse, replacement of yaw gear drives, bearings, gearboxes, brushes, and generators. The cost to put out wind turbine fires is also substantial. Some can self-extinguish small fires, but others need fire departments to extinguish turbines and put out the brush fires sometimes caused below.
The cost to manufacture wind turbines prevents any offset gained transitioning to a 'clean' energy environment.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books/about/Carbon_Shift.html?id=7LO0H0aNNzYC&source=kp_cover&hl=en Carbon Shift: How Peak Oil and the Climate Crisis Will Change Canada (and Our Lives), Author Thomas Homer-Dixon, 2010]</ref>
The cost to manufacture wind turbines prevents any offset gained transitioning to a 'clean' energy environment. ''A two-megawatt windmill contains 260 tonnes of steel requiring 170 tonnes of coking coal and 300 tonnes of iron ore, all mined, transported and produced by hydrocarbons.''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books/about/Carbon_Shift.html?id=7LO0H0aNNzYC&source=kp_cover&hl=en Carbon Shift: How Peak Oil and the Climate Crisis Will Change Canada (and Our Lives), Author Thomas Homer-Dixon, 2010]</ref>
Landscape, seascape, and wildlife costs are a major downside to power from wind. Eagles, bats, and birds of all kinds are killed in the thousands by wind blades. Estimates place the number of birds killed by wind turbines at 30 million per year.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/08/17/why-stefan-the-stork-died-in-vain-wind-turbines/ RIP STEFAN THE STORK – ONE OF 30 MILLION BIRDS KILLED BY WIND FARMS EVERY YEAR, Breitbart, August 17, 2015]</ref>
Landscape, seascape, and wildlife costs are a major downside to power from wind. Eagles, bats, and birds of all kinds are killed in the thousands by wind blades. Estimates place the number of birds killed by wind turbines at 30 million per year.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/08/17/why-stefan-the-stork-died-in-vain-wind-turbines/ RIP STEFAN THE STORK – ONE OF 30 MILLION BIRDS KILLED BY WIND FARMS EVERY YEAR, Breitbart, August 17, 2015]</ref>
== External links ==
== External links ==
*[https://climatecrocks.com/2021/06/07/wind-turbines-help-make-rural-schools-the-communitys-center/ Wind Turbines Help Rural Schools]
*[https://climatecrocks.com/2021/06/11/clean-energy-supporting-public-safety-fire-and-rescue-in-rural-america/#more-66565/ Clean Energy Supporting Public Safety]
*[https://dailycaller.com/2016/04/01/busted-wind-turbine-cost-new-jersey-498000-video/ Busted Wind Turbine Cost New Jersey $498,000]
*[https://dailycaller.com/2016/04/01/busted-wind-turbine-cost-new-jersey-498000-video/ Busted Wind Turbine Cost New Jersey $498,000]
*[http://www.triplepundit.com/2015/10/walmart-leaps-towards-100-renewable-energy-wind-deal/ Walmart wind deal]
*[http://www.triplepundit.com/2015/10/walmart-leaps-towards-100-renewable-energy-wind-deal/ Walmart wind deal]