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[[File:Angelica Kauffmann Self Portrait 1780 - 1785.jpg|300px|thumb|Angelica Kauffmann, Self Portrait, 1780 - 1785.  One of only two female Founder Members of the Royal Academy of Art in London, England.]]

[[File:Angelica Kauffmann Self Portrait 1780 - 1785.jpg|300px|thumb|Angelica Kauffmann, Self Portrait, 1780 - 1785.  One of only two female Founder Members of the Royal Academy of Art in London, England.]]

Women are the female of the human species. Most women have two X-chromosomes<ref>Gamble, T., &amp; Zarkower, D. (2012). Sex determination. ''Current Biology'', ''22''(8), R257–R262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.054 </ref>. They also have different reproductive organs from men and normally can give birth. While on average women’s brains are smaller than men this is not an indication of a lower intelligence.<ref> [https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/battle-of-the-brain-men-vs-women-infographic “Battle of the Brain: Men Vs. Women”] Northwestern Medicine</ref> Other morphological differences from men include a thicker layer of subcutaneous [[fat]], a wider pelvis to facilitate carrying and birthing a [[baby]], and have less fine vellus and coarse hair than men.<ref>[https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319881 Medical News Today]</ref>

Women are the female of the human species. Most women have two X-chromosomes.<ref>Gamble, T., &amp; Zarkower, D. (2012). Sex determination. ''Current Biology'', ''22''(8), R257–R262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.054 </ref> They also have different reproductive organs from men and normally can give birth. While on average women’s brains are smaller than men this is not an indication of a lower intelligence.<ref> [https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/battle-of-the-brain-men-vs-women-infographic “Battle of the Brain: Men Vs. Women”] Northwestern Medicine</ref> Other morphological differences from men include a thicker layer of subcutaneous [[fat]], a wider pelvis to facilitate carrying and birthing a [[baby]], and have less fine vellus and coarse hair than men.<ref>[https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319881 Medical News Today]</ref>

Men have typically two times more upper body strength than women, and around 50% more leg strength.<ref>College women have 50 to 60 percent of the arm and shoulder strength and 70 percent of the leg strength of their male counterparts. [http://www.humankinetics.com/products/showexcerpt.cfm?excerpt_id=4171 Human Kinetics]</ref> Women have slightly longer average lifespans than men, which results in women overtaking men in population by middle age despite a 1.05:1 boy to girl ratio at birth in many countries, though the ratio differs in some parts of the world.<ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/09/24/the-odds-that-you-will-give-birth-to-a-boy-or-girl-depend-on-where-in-the-world-you-live/ Pew Research],</ref>

Men have typically two times more upper body strength than women, and around 50% more leg strength.<ref>College women have 50 to 60 percent of the arm and shoulder strength and 70 percent of the leg strength of their male counterparts. [http://www.humankinetics.com/products/showexcerpt.cfm?excerpt_id=4171 Human Kinetics]</ref> Women have slightly longer average lifespans than men, which results in women overtaking men in population by middle age despite a 1.05:1 boy to girl ratio at birth in many countries, though the ratio differs in some parts of the world.<ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/09/24/the-odds-that-you-will-give-birth-to-a-boy-or-girl-depend-on-where-in-the-world-you-live/ Pew Research],</ref>

*[[Ketanji Brown Jackson]], the first [[African American]] [[female]] appointed to the [[Supreme Court]] who could not define what a woman is in confirmation hearings<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/jackson-says-she-cannot-define-woman-at-confirmation-hearing</ref>

*[[Ketanji Brown Jackson]], the first [[African American]] [[female]] appointed to the [[Supreme Court]] who could not define what a woman is in confirmation hearings<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/jackson-says-she-cannot-define-woman-at-confirmation-hearing</ref>

=== Violent women ===

=== Violent women ===

*[[Catherine de Medici]], Queen of France (1547 to 1559), was ruthless and violent and is often regarded as the mastermind behind the [[St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre]], directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) in 1572, in which 30,000 Huguenots lost their lives

*[[Catherine de Medici]], Queen of France (1547 to 1559), was ruthless and violent and is often regarded as the mastermind behind the [[Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre]], directed against the [[Huguenots]] (French Calvinist Protestants) in 1572, in which 30,000 Huguenots lost their lives

*[[Mary Tudor]], “Bloody Mary”, the very first queen of England (1553 to 1558), is remembered as one of the most evil women in English history. Known for her persecutions of Protestants and the executions of over 300 subjects.<ref>[https://list25.com/25-most-evil-women-in-history/]</ref>

*[[Mary I|Mary Tudor]], “Bloody Mary”, the very first queen of England (1553 to 1558), is remembered as one of the most evil women in English history. Known for her persecutions of Protestants and the executions of over 300 subjects.<ref>[https://list25.com/25-most-evil-women-in-history/]</ref>

== Christianity and women's rights ==

== Christianity and women's rights ==