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After 1991, historical memory was a powerful tool in the political mobilization and legitimation of the post-Soviet Ukrainian state, as well as the division of selectively used memory along the lines of the political division of Ukrainian society. Ukraine did not experience the restorationist paradigm typical of some other post-Soviet nations, including the Baltic states, although the multifaceted history of independence, the Orthodox Church in Ukraine, Soviet-era repressions, mass famine, and World War II collaboration were used to provide a different constitutive frame for the new Ukrainian nation. The politics of identity (which includes the production of history textbooks and the authorization of commemorative practices) has remained fragmented and tailored to reflect the ideological anxieties and concerns of individual regions of Ukraine.<ref>See Andryi Portnov, "Exercises with history Ukrainian style (notes on public aspects of history's functioning in post-Soviet Ukraine)," ''Ab Imperio'' 2007 (3): 93-138, in Ukrainian</ref>
 
After 1991, historical memory was a powerful tool in the political mobilization and legitimation of the post-Soviet Ukrainian state, as well as the division of selectively used memory along the lines of the political division of Ukrainian society. Ukraine did not experience the restorationist paradigm typical of some other post-Soviet nations, including the Baltic states, although the multifaceted history of independence, the Orthodox Church in Ukraine, Soviet-era repressions, mass famine, and World War II collaboration were used to provide a different constitutive frame for the new Ukrainian nation. The politics of identity (which includes the production of history textbooks and the authorization of commemorative practices) has remained fragmented and tailored to reflect the ideological anxieties and concerns of individual regions of Ukraine.<ref>See Andryi Portnov, "Exercises with history Ukrainian style (notes on public aspects of history's functioning in post-Soviet Ukraine)," ''Ab Imperio'' 2007 (3): 93-138, in Ukrainian</ref>
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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==External links==
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* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html CIA Factbook]
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* [https://www.economist.com/countries/Ukraine/ Ukraine page at The Economist]
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* [http://www.ukraine.org/ www.ukraine.org]
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* [http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/wumag_old/archiv/index.html ''Ukraine'' magazine, English edition]
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* [https://youtu.be/Cll91vfc_3Q Ukrainian Collaboration with Germany in World War II (1941 – 1945)]
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* [http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/2003/450303.shtml "Between Hitler and Stalin: Ukraine in World War II,"] a 2003 Canadian film produced and directed by Slavko Nowytski and narrated by Jack Palance.
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* [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3211.htm U.S. State Department ''Background Note: Ukraine'' (2008)], the source for several sections of this text
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*[https://youtu.be/kkg-gI8Wl0U 2014 Mariupol. Crimes of the Ukrainian regime . The war in Ukraine has been going on for 8 years.] youtube.
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[[Category:European Countries]]
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[[Category:Ukraine]]
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[[Category:Former Soviet Countries]]
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[[Category:Christian-Majority Countries]]
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[[Category:Soviet Union]]
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[[Category:Fascism]]
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[[Category:Nuclear Defense]]
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[[Category:Russia-Ukraine War]]
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[[Category:Trump-Russia Collusion Hoax]][[Category:Russo-Ukraine War]]
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[[Category:Left-wing Nationalism]]
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