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The '''Tunisian Campaign''' consisted of a series of battles that took place between November 1942 and May 1943. The Axis forces, often called the German-Italian ''Panzer Armee'', consisted of German and Italian units and were led by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and General Giovanni Messe. The Allies consisted of American forces led by Generals Lloyd Fredendal and General George Patton, and British, New Zealand and Free French forces led by General (later Field Marshal) Bernard Montgomery.   

The '''Tunisian Campaign''' consisted of a series of battles that took place between November 1942 and May 1943. The Axis forces, often called the German-Italian ''Panzer Armee'', consisted of German and Italian units and were led by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and General Giovanni Messe. The Allies consisted of American forces led by Generals Lloyd Fredendal and General George Patton, and British, New Zealand and Free French forces led by General (later Field Marshal) Bernard Montgomery.   

In November, [[Operation Torch]] brought in 125,000 American and British forces from the 1st Army (under General Kenneth Anderson) in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia and joined the attack, with the aim of capturing Tunis and Bizerte before the Germans and Italians could send reinforcements into Tunisia. With the use of all available transport capacity the ''Regia Aeronautica'' managed to fly 72,000 ground troops and 5,000 tons of war material into Tunisia.

In November, [[Operation Torch]] brought in 125,000 American and British forces from the Allied 1st Army (under General Kenneth Anderson) in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia and joined the attack, with the aim of capturing Tunis and Bizerte before the Germans and Italians could send reinforcements into Tunisia. With the use of all available transport capacity the ''Regia Aeronautica'' managed to fly 72,000 ground troops and 5,000 tons of war material into Tunisia.

Initially, the Axis forces under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel succeeded in defeating the Allies quickly in the Tunisian Campaign, driving Allied forces back 50 miles through the Kasserine Pass and capturing 4,000 Allied soldiers<ref>"They had captured 4,026 prisoners, 61 tanks and half-tracks, 161 motorized vehicles, 36 guns, 45 tons of ammunition, and huge amounts of fuel, lubricants and other equipment." Blitzkrieg No Longer, Samuel Mitcham, Pen and Sword, 2010</ref> in the attack lead by the Italian ''Littorio'' Armoured Division.

Initially, the Axis forces under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel succeeded in defeating the Allies quickly in the Tunisian Campaign, driving Allied forces back 50 miles through the Kasserine Pass and capturing close to 4,000 Allied soldiers<ref>"They had captured 4,026 prisoners, 61 tanks and half-tracks, 161 motorized vehicles, 36 guns, 45 tons of ammunition, and huge amounts of fuel, lubricants and other equipment." Blitzkrieg No Longer, Samuel Mitcham, Pen and Sword, 2010</ref> in the attack lead by the Italian ''Littorio'' Armoured Division.

From the start of May the Luftwaffe had been flying men and machines out of Tunisia to save what it could. With the 9th and 12th Air Forces in the battle, the Allies drove the Germans and Italians back into a pocket around Bizerte and Tunis, where the 5th ''Panzer Armee'' surrendered on 9 May.   

From the start of May the Luftwaffe had been flying men and machines out of Tunisia to save what it could. With the 9th and 12th Air Forces in the battle, the Allies drove the Germans and Italians back into a pocket around Bizerte and Tunis, where the 5th ''Panzer Armee'' surrendered on 9 May.   

By 11 May the German forces in the northern pocket had been completely mopped up, while the divisions of the Allied 1st Army then turned to assist in the encirclement of the 1st Italian Army, which they achieved between 11–13 May.

By May 11, the German forces in the northern pocket had been completely mopped up, while the divisions of the Allied 1st Army then turned to assist in the encirclement of the 1st Italian Army, which they achieved between May 11–13.

On 13 May, over 250,000 Axis prisoners were in Allied custody, thus bringing and end to the Tunisian Campaign. Thus Tunisia became available for launching [[Operation Husky]], an Allied invasion on Sicily as a preliminary to an assault on mainland Italy.  

On May 13, over 250,000 Axis prisoners were in Allied custody, thus bringing and end to the Tunisian Campaign. Thus Tunisia became available for launching [[Operation Husky]], an Allied invasion on Sicily as a preliminary to an assault on mainland Italy.  

==Maknassy Pass==

==Maknassy Pass==