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→Fertilizers
===Fertilizers===
===Fertilizers===
{{See also|War on farmers}}
{{See also|War on farmers}}
====Sanctions affect on fertilizers====
The problem with burning more natural gas for electricity means less available for fertilizer production.
Most chemical fertilizers rely on natural gas as a “feedstock” or key ingredient in the production process. Through a series of reactions, hydrogen in the methane gas (CH4) is transferred to form ammonia (NH3.) Nitrogen in the ammonia is essential for [[chlorophyll]] and [[amino acid]] synthesis inside all plants. Although the atmosphere is mostly [[nitrogen]], plants cannot use free nitrogen. Nature has ways to get nitrogen into the soil as ammonia, but it’s not enough. Chemical fertilizers solve this problem, and have supported massive increases in crop yields (and thus, [[population]]) in the last century. Without chemical fertilizers, many people will starve to death.
When renewables such as “wind” or “hydro” fail, more natural gas has to be burned for electric power. The problem with burning more natural gas for electricity is that — if it's done in an “unplanned” fashion, without raising production, finding reliable new import channels, or keeping more in storage — there is less remaining for fertilizer production.
A number of fertilizer plants in Europe have shut down due to the natural gas shortage.
CF Industries Holdings, Inc., the U.S.-based fertilizer giant, put out a red alert stating that (as summarized by Bloomberg) “farmers won’t be able to get what they need.”
====Sanctions effect on fertilizers====
American and European sanctions on Russian fertilizer exports killed global food production for the 2022 growing season.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-sanctions-higher-food-prices-potash/</ref> Russian and Belarusian fertilizers account for 40% of potash-based fertilizers necessary for global food production. The sanctions took effect for the 2022 spring planting season in the northern hemispheres. The President of [[Senegal]] and Chairperson of the African Union. Macky Sall said, "Anti-Russia sanctions have made this situation worse and now we do not have access to [[grain]] from Russia, primarily to [[wheat]]. And, most importantly, we do not have access to fertilizer. The situation was bad and now it has become worse, creating a threat to food security in Africa.... We must work together to resolve these problems so that sanctions are lifted on [[food]] products, in particular, grain, and fertilizer.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/68564</ref>
American and European sanctions on Russian fertilizer exports killed global food production for the 2022 growing season.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-sanctions-higher-food-prices-potash/</ref> Russian and Belarusian fertilizers account for 40% of potash-based fertilizers necessary for global food production. The sanctions took effect for the 2022 spring planting season in the northern hemispheres. The President of [[Senegal]] and Chairperson of the African Union. Macky Sall said, "Anti-Russia sanctions have made this situation worse and now we do not have access to [[grain]] from Russia, primarily to [[wheat]]. And, most importantly, we do not have access to fertilizer. The situation was bad and now it has become worse, creating a threat to food security in Africa.... We must work together to resolve these problems so that sanctions are lifted on [[food]] products, in particular, grain, and fertilizer.<ref>http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/68564</ref>