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Line 31: − == History == − The Crimea was the location of the [[Crimean War]] of 1853-56 in which British, French, Sardinian and Turkish forces fought Russia in a war sparked by an abstruse dispute over the question of custodianship of the Holy Places in [[Jerusalem]]. When [[Lenin]] took power through revolution, he at first ceded Ukraine to [[Germany]] at the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]]. Later the [[Treaty of Versailles]] did not recognize the cessation. Lenin then established a system of autonomous republics in which he separated Ukraine and [[Belarus]] from the former Russian Empire. After [[Nikita Khrushchev]] took power in 1953, he gave Crimea to Ukraine. The peninsula was also the location of heavy fighting during the [[Second World War]]. It contains the resort town of [[Yalta]], location of the [[Yalta Conference]] of February 1945, attended by [[Winston Churchill|Churchill]], Roosevelt and [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]. − The 1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances was signed by then-Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma, Bill Clinton, Boris Yeltsin, and John Major. The agreement required that the signatories “respect the independence and sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine” and “refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine.”<ref>http://www.cfr.org/arms-control-disarmament-and-nonproliferation/budapest-memorandums-security-assurances-1994/p32484</ref> Under the agreement, Russia agreed that Crimea was a part of Ukraine. However, Russia and Crimea also signed a lease allowing Russia to retain existing Soviet naval bases for a finite time period.+ − After the [[Soviet Union]] broke apart in 1991, Russia and Ukraine tried to find a relationship as separate countries. In 1992, the Crimean Parliament voted to hold a referendum to declare independence, while the Russian Parliament voted to void the cession of Crimea to Ukraine.<ref name=Serge>{{cite news|last=Schmemann |first=Serge|title=Crimea Parliament Votes to Back Independence From Ukraine|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/06/world/crimea-parliament-votes-to-back-independence-from-ukraine.html |accessdate=3 March 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 May 1992}}</ref><ref name=Serge2>{{cite news |last=Schmemann|first=Serge|title=Russia Votes to Void Cession of Crimea to Ukraine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/22/world/russia-votes-to-void-cession-of-crimea-to-ukraine.html |accessdate=3 March 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 May 1992}}</ref> However, Russia backed pro-Russian political leaders in Ukraine. + − At the same time, most Ukrainians favored stronger ties with Europe and sought to join the [[European Union]] and perhaps even [[NATO]]. Ukrainian President [[Viktor Yanukovych]] was pressured by Russia to delay signing a treaty that would lead to Ukraine joining the EU, which lead to widespread [[Euromaidan]] riots in a U.S.-backed [[color revolution]] with support from Ukrainian [[neo-Nazi]] paramilitary group that overturned the government. On February 22, 2014, Yanukovych fled Kyiv for Russia.<ref name="WP Yanukovych missing">{{cite news|last=Booth|first=William|title=Ukraine’s Yanukovych missing as protesters take control of presidential residence in Kiev|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ukraines-president-open-to-early-vote-polish-leader-says-scores-reported-killed-in-clashes/2014/02/21/05d3de46-9a82-11e3-b931-0204122c514b_story.html|accessdate=23 March 2014|newspaper=Washington Post|date=22 February 2014}}</ref> He was then impeached. Although Russia was constrained from responding while hosting the 2014 Winter Olympics, a week after the Olympics ended, Russia moved against the Western installed regime in Kyiv by taking actions in Russian-majority regions of Crimea and in the [[Donbas]] of eastern Ukraine. − [[File:Aivazovsky, Seascape in Crimea, 1866.jpg|left|300px|thumb|[[Ivan Aivazovsky]], Seascape in Crimea, 1866.]] Line 46:
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→History
The '''Republic of Crimea''' is a constituent republic of the [[Russian Federation]] after the results of 2014 referendum reunited Crimea to the Russian homeland. It is a diamond-shaped peninsula in [[Russia]], surrounded on its NW, SW and SE sides by the [[Black Sea]] and on its NE side by the [[Sea of Azov]]; it is connected to the Republic of Kherson by a narrow [[isthmus]]. The capital is the port city of [[Sevastopol]].
The '''Republic of Crimea''' is a constituent republic of the [[Russian Federation]] after the results of 2014 referendum reunited Crimea to the Russian homeland. It is a diamond-shaped peninsula in [[Russia]], surrounded on its NW, SW and SE sides by the [[Black Sea]] and on its NE side by the [[Sea of Azov]]; it is connected to the Republic of Kherson by a narrow [[isthmus]]. The capital is the port city of [[Sevastopol]].
[[File:Crimean referendum.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Billboard advertising the March 16, 2014 Crimean referendum to apply for admission to the Russian Federation.]]
[[File:Crimean referendum.PNG|right|300px|thumb|Billboard advertising the March 16, 2014 Crimean referendum to apply for admission to the Russian Federation.]]
==Reunification with Russia==
A U.S.-backed [[Color Revolution]] advocated for stronger ties with Europe and sought to join the [[European Union]] and perhaps even [[NATO]]. Ukrainian President [[Viktor Yanukovych]] was pressured by Russia to delay signing a treaty that would lead to Ukraine joining the EU, which lead to widespread [[Euromaidan]] riots in a U.S.-backed [[color revolution]] with support from Ukrainian [[neo-Nazi]] paramilitary group that overturned the government. Yanukovych singed a pledge on February 21, 214 not to run for reelection to quell the street unrest with the [[German]] and [[French]] Ambassadors as witnesses. However, the following day U.S.-backed Nazi terrorist groups threatened his personal safety and he fled Kyiv for Russia.<ref name="WP Yanukovych missing">{{cite news|last=Booth|first=William|title=Ukraine’s Yanukovych missing as protesters take control of presidential residence in Kiev|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ukraines-president-open-to-early-vote-polish-leader-says-scores-reported-killed-in-clashes/2014/02/21/05d3de46-9a82-11e3-b931-0204122c514b_story.html|accessdate=23 March 2014|newspaper=Washington Post|date=22 February 2014}}</ref> He was then impeached. Although Russia was constrained from responding while hosting the 2014 Winter Olympics, a week after the Olympics ended, Russia moved against the Western installed regime in Kyiv by taking actions in Russian-majority regions of Crimea and in the [[Donbas]] of eastern Ukraine.
Five days after the ouster of Ukraine's [[democracy|democratically]] elected president in the [[Western alliance|Western]]-backed [[Maidan coup]], Russian soldiers landed in Crimea.<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/02/27/283481587/crimea-a-gift-to-ukraine-becomes-a-political-flash-point</ref> Because some of the people currently living in Crimea are ethinic Russians, there was a dispute whether Crimea belongs to Ukraine or to Russia.<ref>https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/obama-warns-russia-over-military-moves-crimea</ref> On March 11, 2014, Crimea declared its independence from Ukraine.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2578160/Ukraines-fugitive-president-blasts-bandit-regime-says-country-heading-civil-war.html</ref> The Crimean Peninsula—82% of whose households speak Russian, and only 2% mainly Ukrainian—held a plebiscite on March 16, 2014 on whether or not they should join Russia, or remain under the new Ukrainian government. The Pro-Russia camp won with 95% of the vote. The UN General Assembly, led by the US, voted to ignore the referendum results on the grounds that it was contrary to Ukraine’s constitution. This same constitution had been set aside to oust [[President Yanukovych]] a month earlier.<ref>https://fair.org/home/what-you-should-really-know-about-ukraine/</ref>
Five days after the ouster of Ukraine's [[democracy|democratically]] elected president in the [[Western alliance|Western]]-backed [[Maidan coup]], Russian soldiers landed in Crimea.<ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/02/27/283481587/crimea-a-gift-to-ukraine-becomes-a-political-flash-point</ref> Because some of the people currently living in Crimea are ethinic Russians, there was a dispute whether Crimea belongs to Ukraine or to Russia.<ref>https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/obama-warns-russia-over-military-moves-crimea</ref> On March 11, 2014, Crimea declared its independence from Ukraine.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2578160/Ukraines-fugitive-president-blasts-bandit-regime-says-country-heading-civil-war.html</ref> The Crimean Peninsula—82% of whose households speak Russian, and only 2% mainly Ukrainian—held a plebiscite on March 16, 2014 on whether or not they should join Russia, or remain under the new Ukrainian government. The Pro-Russia camp won with 95% of the vote. The UN General Assembly, led by the US, voted to ignore the referendum results on the grounds that it was contrary to Ukraine’s constitution. This same constitution had been set aside to oust [[President Yanukovych]] a month earlier.<ref>https://fair.org/home/what-you-should-really-know-about-ukraine/</ref>
In February 2017 [[President Trump]] accused Russia of taking Crimea by force and asked whether [[Obama]] was too soft on Russia.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-russia-latest-tweet-accuse-crimea-obama-too-soft-distance-campaign-team-white-house-a7581511.html Donald Trump accuses Russia of taking Crimea by force in attempt to distance himself from campaign allegations]</ref> US Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] declared that the US won't recognize Russia's invasion of Ukraine:
In February 2017 [[President Trump]] accused Russia of taking Crimea by force and asked whether [[Obama]] was too soft on Russia.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-russia-latest-tweet-accuse-crimea-obama-too-soft-distance-campaign-team-white-house-a7581511.html Donald Trump accuses Russia of taking Crimea by force in attempt to distance himself from campaign allegations]</ref> US Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] declared that the US won't recognize Russia's invasion of Ukraine:
{{Cquote|The United States calls on Russia to respect the principles to which it has long claimed to adhere and to end its occupation of Crimea. As democratic states seek to build a free, just, and prosperous world, we must uphold our commitment to the international principle of sovereign equality and respect the territorial integrity of other states. Through its actions, Russia has acted in a manner unworthy of a great nation and has chosen to isolate itself from the international community.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2018/07/284508.htm Crimea Declaration]</ref>}}
{{Cquote|The United States calls on Russia to respect the principles to which it has long claimed to adhere and to end its occupation of Crimea. As democratic states seek to build a free, just, and prosperous world, we must uphold our commitment to the international principle of sovereign equality and respect the territorial integrity of other states. Through its actions, Russia has acted in a manner unworthy of a great nation and has chosen to isolate itself from the international community.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2018/07/284508.htm Crimea Declaration]</ref>}}
== History ==
[[File:Aivazovsky, Seascape in Crimea, 1866.jpg|left|300px|thumb|[[Ivan Aivazovsky]], Seascape in Crimea, 1866.]]
The Crimea was the location of the [[Crimean War]] of 1853-56 in which British, French, Sardinian and Turkish forces fought Russia in a war sparked by an abstruse dispute over the question of custodianship of the Holy Places in [[Jerusalem]]. When [[Lenin]] took power through revolution, he at first ceded Ukraine to [[Germany]] at the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]]. Later the [[Treaty of Versailles]] did not recognize the cessation. Lenin then established a system of autonomous republics in which he separated Ukraine and [[Belarus]] from the former Russian Empire. After [[Nikita Khrushchev]] took power in 1953, he gave Crimea to Ukraine. The peninsula was also the location of heavy fighting during the [[Second World War]]. It contains the resort town of [[Yalta]], location of the [[Yalta Conference]] of February 1945, attended by [[Winston Churchill|Churchill]], Roosevelt and [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]].
After the [[Soviet Union]] broke apart in 1991, Russia and Ukraine tried to find a relationship as separate countries. In 1992, the Crimean Parliament voted to hold a referendum to declare independence, while the Russian Parliament voted to void the cession of Crimea to Ukraine.<ref name=Serge>{{cite news|last=Schmemann |first=Serge|title=Crimea Parliament Votes to Back Independence From Ukraine|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/06/world/crimea-parliament-votes-to-back-independence-from-ukraine.html |accessdate=3 March 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 May 1992}}</ref><ref name=Serge2>{{cite news |last=Schmemann|first=Serge|title=Russia Votes to Void Cession of Crimea to Ukraine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/22/world/russia-votes-to-void-cession-of-crimea-to-ukraine.html |accessdate=|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 May 1992}}</ref> However, Russia backed pro-Russian political leaders in Ukraine.
The 1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances was signed by then-Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma, Bill Clinton, Boris Yeltsin, and John Major. The agreement required that the signatories “respect the independence and sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine” and “refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine.”<ref>http://www.cfr.org/arms-control-disarmament-and-nonproliferation/budapest-memorandums-security-assurances-1994/p32484</ref> Under the agreement, Russia agreed that Crimea was a part of Ukraine. However, Russia and Crimea also signed a lease allowing Russia to retain existing Soviet naval bases for a finite time period.
==References==
==References==