Changes

{{Officeholder/misc

{{Officeholder/misc

|office=Senator-for-life of Chile

|office=Senator-for-life of Chile

|terms=11 March, 1998 – 4 July, 2002

|terms=11 March 1998 – 4 July 2002

|preceded=''Position established''

|preceded=''Position established''

|succeeded=''Position disbanded''

|succeeded=''Position disbanded''

{{Officeholder/misc

{{Officeholder/misc

|office=Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army

|office=Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army

|terms=23 August, 1973 – 11 March, 1998

|terms=23 August 1973 – 11 March 1998

|preceded=Carlos Prats

|preceded=Carlos Prats

|succeeded=Ricardo Izurieta

|succeeded=Ricardo Izurieta

==Family==

==Family==

He was the first-born of six siblings, so his parents raised him in a strict environment of discipline. Despite the rigorous education he received, he only managed to enter the Military School after two unsuccessful attempts, which, however, did not prevent him from becoming Commander in Chief of the institution in 1973 and leading one of the most important episodes in Chilean history.

He was the first-born of six siblings, so his parents raised him in a strict environment of discipline. Despite the rigorous education he received, he only managed to enter the Military School after two unsuccessful attempts, which, however, did not prevent him from becoming Commander in Chief of the institution in 1973 and leading one of the most important episodes in Chilean history.

Augusto Pinochet Ugarte was born on November 25, 1915 in the Almendral neighborhood of Valparaíso. Son of Augusto Pinochet Vera and Avelina Ugarte Martínez, at the age of four he entered a nursery school near his home and then attended the Sara Vives School, where he studied for two years. When he was eight years old, he boarded at the San Rafael Seminary, where he excelled in history and religion.

Augusto Pinochet Ugarte was born on November 25, 1915, in the Almendral neighborhood of Valparaíso. Son of Augusto Pinochet Vera and Avelina Ugarte Martínez, at the age of four he entered a nursery school near his home and then attended the Sara Vives School, where he studied for two years. When he was eight years old, he boarded at the San Rafael Seminary, where he excelled in history and religion.

Later, Pinochet attended the Marist Brothers Institute in Quillota and then the Padres Franceses School in Valparaíso.

Later, Pinochet attended the Marist Brothers Institute in Quillota and then the Padres Franceses School in Valparaíso.

At the end of 1945 he was assigned to the "Carampangue" Regiment in Iquique, and in 1948 he entered the War Academy, where he had to postpone his studies because, despite being the youngest officer, he was assigned to a service commission in the coal zone in Lota.

At the end of 1945 he was assigned to the "Carampangue" Regiment in Iquique, and in 1948 he entered the War Academy, where he had to postpone his studies because, despite being the youngest officer, he was assigned to a service commission in the coal zone in Lota.

The following year, Pinochet returned to his studies at the Academy. After obtaining the title of Staff Officer, in 1951 he transferred to the Military School, where he was appointed commandant of the sixth years and professor of the Military Course. At the same time, he taught as an assistant professor at the War Academy in the subjects of Military Geography and Geopolitics. At the same time, he worked as director of the institutional magazine "Cien Águilas" (Hundred Eagles), an organ of diffusion of the officers' headquarters.

The following year, Pinochet returned to his studies at the academy. After obtaining the title of Staff Officer, in 1951 he transferred to the Military School, where he was appointed commandant of the sixth years and professor of the Military Course. At the same time, he taught as an assistant professor at the War Academy in the subjects of Military Geography and Geopolitics. At the same time, he worked as director of the institutional magazine "Cien Águilas" (Hundred Eagles), an organ of diffusion of the officers' headquarters.

At the beginning of 1953, with the rank of major, he was assigned for two years to the "Rancagua" Regiment in Arica. Subsequently, he was appointed professor at the War Academy and returned to Santiago to resume his teaching work. He later furthered his studies and obtained his bachelor's degree, with which he entered the Law School of the University of Chile.

At the beginning of 1953, with the rank of major, he was assigned for two years to the "Rancagua" Regiment in Arica. Subsequently, he was appointed professor at the War Academy and returned to Santiago to resume his teaching work. He later furthered his studies and obtained his bachelor's degree, with which he entered the Law School of the University of Chile.

At the beginning of 1956 he was selected together with a group of officers to form a Military Mission that collaborated in the organization of the Ecuadorian War Academy in Quito, which forced him to suspend his law studies. He remained in that mission for three and a half years, a period in which, along with teaching, he continued his studies in Geopolitics, Military Geography and Intelligence Service. At the end of 1959 he returned to Chile and was assigned to the Headquarters of the I Army Division in Antofagasta.

At the beginning of 1956 he was selected together with a group of officers to form a Military Mission that collaborated in the organization of the Ecuadorian War Academy in Quito, which forced him to suspend his law studies. He remained in that mission for three and a half years, a period in which, along with teaching, he continued his studies in geopolitics, Military Geography and Intelligence Service. At the end of 1959 he returned to Chile and was assigned to the Headquarters of the I Army Division in Antofagasta.

The following year he was appointed Commander of the "Esmeralda" Regiment, glorious 7th Line. His command was rewarded with his appointment, in 1963, as Deputy Director of the War Academy.

The following year he was appointed Commander of the "Esmeralda" Regiment, glorious 7th Line. His command was rewarded with his appointment, in 1963, as deputy director of the War Academy.

In 1968 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the II Army Division in Santiago, and at the end of that year he was promoted to Brigadier General, when he was appointed Commander in Chief of the VI Division, garrisoned in Iquique. In his new functions, he was appointed Intendant (s) of Tarapacá, a position in which he tried to put an end to a strike at the Escuela Industrial Superior de Iquique, whose students had taken over the establishment's premises.<ref name=Biografia>{{cite web|url=https://chile-pinochet-nuestro.blogspot.com/p/biografia_21.html|title=BIOGRAFIA|publisher=Chile Pinochet Nuestro}}</ref>

In 1968 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the II Army Division in Santiago, and at the end of that year he was promoted to Brigadier General, when he was appointed Commander in Chief of the VI Division, garrisoned in Iquique. In his new functions, he was appointed Intendant (s) of Tarapacá, a position in which he tried to put an end to a strike at the Escuela Industrial Superior de Iquique, whose students had taken over the establishment's premises.<ref name=Biografia>{{cite web|url=https://chile-pinochet-nuestro.blogspot.com/p/biografia_21.html|title=BIOGRAFIA|publisher=Chile Pinochet Nuestro}}</ref>

[[File:A. Pinochet Stamp (cropped).jpg|150px|thumbnail|Pinochet in 1974.]]

[[File:A. Pinochet Stamp (cropped).jpg|150px|thumbnail|Pinochet in 1974.]]

[[File:President Pinochet and his wife Lucía Hiriart.jpg|215px|thumbnail|President Pinochet and his wife Lucía Hiriart.]]

[[File:President Pinochet and his wife Lucía Hiriart.jpg|215px|thumbnail|President Pinochet and his wife Lucía Hiriart.]]

[[File:President Pinochet 1988 ("Sí" Campaing).jpg|215px|thumbnail|left|Pinochet in a photo for the 'Sí' Campaing in 1988.]]

[[File:President Pinochet 1988 ("Sí" Campaing).jpg|215px|thumbnail|left|Pinochet in a photo for the 'Sí' Campaign in 1988.]]

As President of the Military Junta between 1973 and 1981 and as President of the Republic between 1981 and 1990, Augusto Pinochet carried out a series of visits to different cities and towns in Chile, mainly inaugurating numerous development works such as schools, high schools, health clinics, hospitals, housing, bridges and roads, sports centers and CEMA Chile headquarters, attended the inauguration of different private companies and met with the presidents of Bolivia and Argentina seeking a peaceful solution to the border problems. The Military Government Junta carried out a series of reforms as a legislative body. Two major world recessions damaged the economic activity that was beginning to recover.

As President of the Military Junta between 1973 and 1981 and as President of the Republic between 1981 and 1990, Augusto Pinochet carried out a series of visits to different cities and towns in Chile, mainly inaugurating numerous development works such as schools, high schools, health clinics, hospitals, housing, bridges and roads, sports centers and CEMA Chile headquarters, attended the inauguration of different private companies and met with the presidents of Bolivia and Argentina seeking a peaceful solution to the border problems. The Military Government Junta carried out a series of reforms as a legislative body. Two major world recessions damaged the economic activity that was beginning to recover.

Pinochet allowed the [[Chicago Boys]] to move Chile into a market economy, privatizing many inefficient government businesses, and opening the country to foreign investment. The stability that his government gave encouraged foreign investors to come to Chile. His minister, [[José Piñera]], started one of the first [[private pension accounts|Individual capitalization]] pension systems in the world, which has been highly successful. [[Hernán Büchi]] was responsible for reintroducing economic liberal policies at the end of the government.

Pinochet allowed the [[Chicago Boys]] to move Chile into a market economy, privatizing many inefficient government businesses, and opening the country to foreign investment. The stability that his government gave encouraged foreign investors to come to Chile. His minister, [[José Piñera]], started one of the first [[private pension accounts|Individual capitalization]] pension systems in the world, which has been highly successful. [[Hernán Büchi]] was responsible for reintroducing economic liberal policies at the end of the government.

[[File:Pinochet in La Moneda.jpg|250px|thumbnail|President Augusto Pinochet in [[La Moneda|La Moneda Palace]].]]

[[File:Pinochet in La Moneda.jpg|250px|thumbnail|President Augusto Pinochet in [[La Moneda|La Moneda Palace]].]]

Between 1977 and 1978 Pinochet had to put up with [[Argentina]]'s tough stance on the dispute over the Beagle Channel islands, which almost caused a war. Augusto Pinochet reinforced the [[Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica Region|southern zone]] preparing the Armed Forces for a possible war, but it would not be the Chileans who would start a war. The interest of [[Pope John Paul II]] in the conflict made the presidents of Chile and Argentina accept the mediation of the Vatican. In 1982 during the [[Falklands War]], Chile helped the United Kingdom since Argentina was a real threat for the country, and if they won the war they were going to attack Chile after. [[Margaret Thatcher]] thanked the Chilean support when Pinochet was captured in London in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/mar/26/pinochet.chile2|title=Thatcher visits her old friend Pinochet|date=March 26, 1999|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> On May 2, 1985, the Foreign Ministers of Chile and Argentina signed the Peace Treaty before Pope John Paul II. That same day, President Pinochet announced the importance of the signing of this border treaty to the country on national radio and television. On April 1987 Pope John Paul II visited Chile.

Between 1977 and 1978 Pinochet had to put up with [[Argentina]]'s tough stance on the dispute over the Beagle Channel islands, which almost caused a war. Augusto Pinochet reinforced the [[Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica Region|southern zone]] preparing the Armed Forces for a possible war, but it would not be the Chileans who would start a war. The interest of [[Pope John Paul II]] in the conflict made the presidents of Chile and Argentina accept the mediation of the Vatican. In 1982 during the [[Falklands War]], Chile helped the United Kingdom since Argentina was a real threat for the country, and if they won the war they were going to attack Chile after. [[Margaret Thatcher]] thanked the Chilean support when Pinochet was captured in London in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/mar/26/pinochet.chile2|title=Thatcher visits her old friend Pinochet|date=March 26, 1999|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> On May 2, 1985, the Foreign Ministers of Chile and Argentina signed the Peace Treaty before Pope John Paul II. That same day, President Pinochet announced the importance of the signing of this border treaty to the country on national radio and television. In April 1987 Pope John Paul II visited Chile.

Chile was blocked on the international weapon market, however the country bought weapons from [[Israel]], [[Spain]], [[Rhodesia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1987/04/12/espana/545176811_850215.html|title=Las armas que España vendió a Pinochet|date=April 11, 1987|language=es|publisher=El País}}</ref> and [[South Africa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-11-28-declassified-apartheid-profits-pals-with-pinochet/|title=Declassified: Apartheid Profits –Pals with Pinochet|date=November 28, 2017|publisher=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref>[https://www.quora.com/What-was-the-relationship-between-Chile-under-Pinochet-and-Apartheid-South-Africa]</ref> as well as making their own mainly in FAMAE and made by Carlos Cardoen. Chile sold weapons produced by Carlos Cardoen to [[Saddam Hussein]] from [[Irak]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nacla.org/article/pincohet-arms-merchant|title=Pincohet, Arms Merchant|date=March 6, 2008|publisher=Nacla}}</ref><ref>[https://rebelion.org/recordando-los-pinochet-e-irak/]</ref> and supposedly to China.

Chile was blocked on the international weapon market, however the country bought weapons from [[Israel]], [[Spain]], [[Rhodesia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1987/04/12/espana/545176811_850215.html|title=Las armas que España vendió a Pinochet|date=April 11, 1987|language=es|publisher=El País}}</ref> and [[South Africa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-11-28-declassified-apartheid-profits-pals-with-pinochet/|title=Declassified: Apartheid Profits –Pals with Pinochet|date=November 28, 2017|publisher=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref>[https://www.quora.com/What-was-the-relationship-between-Chile-under-Pinochet-and-Apartheid-South-Africa]</ref> as well as making their own mainly in FAMAE and made by Carlos Cardoen. Chile sold weapons produced by Carlos Cardoen to [[Saddam Hussein]] from [[Irak]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nacla.org/article/pincohet-arms-merchant|title=Pincohet, Arms Merchant|date=March 6, 2008|publisher=Nacla}}</ref><ref>[https://rebelion.org/recordando-los-pinochet-e-irak/]</ref> and supposedly to China.

- 2nd Corporal of the Army Roberto Rosales Martínez.

- 2nd Corporal of the Army Roberto Rosales Martínez.

The ''Carretera Austral'' (Southern Highway) was built between 1976 and 1989 and connects several rural towns in the far south of Chile that previously didn't had direct transportation, it is 1240 km long, starting in [[Puerto Montt]] and ending in Villa O'Higgins. Today the highway is a touristic destination of Chile because of the beauty of the landscape. This huge and important geopolitical megaproject was built by military personnel, many died because of the rough climate.

The ''Carretera Austral'' (Southern Highway) was built between 1976 and 1989 and connects several rural towns in the far south of Chile that previously didn't had direct transportation, it is 1240&nbsp;km long, starting in [[Puerto Montt]] and ending in Villa O'Higgins. Today the highway is a touristic destination of Chile because of the beauty of the landscape. This huge and important geopolitical megaproject was built by military personnel, many died because of the rough climate.

[[File:Logo Sí & No Pinochet Plebiscite 1988.png|thumbnail|''Sí'' and ''No'' logos of the [[1988 Chilean national plebiscite]].]]

[[File:Logo Sí & No Pinochet Plebiscite 1988.png|thumbnail|''Sí'' and ''No'' logos of the [[1988 Chilean national plebiscite]].]]

Pinochet's firm decision to hand over the presidential command was not broken either by his own will or by the terrorist actions that since 1983 had been accentuated, causing deaths and serious damage to public and private property. President Pinochet was nominated by the Military Government Junta as a candidate to continue as President of Chile for another few years, and a plebiscite was called for the people to accept or reject such nomination. On October 5, 1988, Pinochet was defeated in the vote to decide the continuity of his government. On that occasion, the "Yes" option obtained 44.01% and the "No" 55.99%, so the President had to call elections for the following year.

Pinochet's firm decision to hand over the presidential command was not broken either by his own will or by the terrorist actions that since 1983 had been accentuated, causing deaths and serious damage to public and private property. President Pinochet was nominated by the Military Government Junta as a candidate to continue as President of Chile for another few years, and a plebiscite was called for the people to accept or reject such nomination. On October 5, 1988, Pinochet was defeated in the vote to decide the continuity of his government. On that occasion, the "Yes" option obtained 44.01% and the "No" 55.99%, so the President had to call elections for the following year.

The "No" Campaign and the Concertación were supported by [[George Soros]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=186894|title=Ministro desclasifica vínculo de George Soros con Chile: apoyó campaña del No, ayudó a Ricardo Lagos con los empresarios y hoy respalda inversión en el país|language=es|publisher=Economía y Negocios|date=September 27 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Economia/2015/09/27/751793/El-multimillonario-que-apoyo-al-NO.html|title=El multimillonario que apoyó la campaña del No y ayudó a Ricardo Lagos con empresarios (Soros helped the "No" campaign)|publisher=Emol|language=es|date=September 27 2015}}</ref> and the organization "[[National Endowment for Democracy]]" originated from the U.S. Congress resolution H.R. 2915, helped the center-left with propaganda on television, newspapers, radio and magazines.

The "No" Campaign and the Concertación were supported by [[George Soros]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=186894|title=Ministro desclasifica vínculo de George Soros con Chile: apoyó campaña del No, ayudó a Ricardo Lagos con los empresarios y hoy respalda inversión en el país|language=es|publisher=Economía y Negocios|date=September 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Economia/2015/09/27/751793/El-multimillonario-que-apoyo-al-NO.html|title=El multimillonario que apoyó la campaña del No y ayudó a Ricardo Lagos con empresarios (Soros helped the "No" campaign)|publisher=Emol|language=es|date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> and the organization "[[National Endowment for Democracy]]" originated from the U.S. Congress resolution H.R. 2915, helped the center-left with propaganda on television, newspapers, radio and magazines.

The NED financed numerous leftist entities like trade unions, academic and journalistic organizations. Pinochet knew this and described it as "an act of intervention that cannot be viewed with pleasure by the majority of Chileans, including broad sectors of the opposition".<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia de la Revolución Militar Chilena 1973 - 1990|author=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]|publisher=Editorial El Roble|date=2019|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/historia-de-la-revolucion-militar_20.html}}</ref>

The NED financed numerous leftist entities like trade unions, academic and journalistic organizations. Pinochet knew this and described it as "an act of intervention that cannot be viewed with pleasure by the majority of Chileans, including broad sectors of the opposition".<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia de la Revolución Militar Chilena 1973 - 1990|author=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]|publisher=Editorial El Roble|date=2019|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/historia-de-la-revolucion-militar_20.html}}</ref>

The case known by leftist as "''Pinocheques''" was a judicial case in which Augusto Pinochet Hiriart, son of General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, was being investigated after receiving a payment of 971 million pesos (three million dollars) from the Army, following the sale of the armaments factory "Valmoval", which was part of the Army. But a Chamber of Deputes investigative commission examined every detail of that sale and concluded that the transaction had been convenient for the Army. The involvement of a relative so close to the Commander-in-Chief, was a lack of delicacy, but there was no evidence of malice or fiscal damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2019/02/de-poncio-pilatos-pinochet.html|title=De Poncio Pilatos a Pinochet|language=es|date=February 24, 2019|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Historia de la Revolución Militar Chilena 1973 - 1990|author=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]|publisher=Editorial El Roble|date=2019|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/historia-de-la-revolucion-militar_21.html}}</ref>

The case known by leftist as "''Pinocheques''" was a judicial case in which Augusto Pinochet Hiriart, son of General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, was being investigated after receiving a payment of 971 million pesos (three million dollars) from the Army, following the sale of the armaments factory "Valmoval", which was part of the Army. But a Chamber of Deputes investigative commission examined every detail of that sale and concluded that the transaction had been convenient for the Army. The involvement of a relative so close to the Commander-in-Chief, was a lack of delicacy, but there was no evidence of malice or fiscal damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2019/02/de-poncio-pilatos-pinochet.html|title=De Poncio Pilatos a Pinochet|language=es|date=February 24, 2019|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Historia de la Revolución Militar Chilena 1973 - 1990|author=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]|publisher=Editorial El Roble|date=2019|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/historia-de-la-revolucion-militar_21.html}}</ref>

The "liaison exercise" (''ejercicios de enlace'') happend in December 1990, treated as a routine military maneuver, was actually an expression of the Army's rejection of the possible request for Pinochet's resignation by the Minister of Defense, Patricio Rojas. This possible request would have been motivated by the judicial investigations of officers and by attacks by parliamentarians on the Commander-in-Chief and the military institution.

The "liaison exercise" (''ejercicios de enlace'') happened in December 1990, treated as a routine military maneuver, was actually an expression of the Army's rejection of the possible request for Pinochet's resignation by the Minister of Defense, Patricio Rojas. This possible request would have been motivated by the judicial investigations of officers and by attacks by parliamentarians on the Commander-in-Chief and the military institution.

On May 28, 1993 the "''boinazo''" occured, the headline "Pinochet's son's checks case reopened" appeared on "La Nación" Newspaper. The case for which Augusto Pinochet Hiriart, son of General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, was being investigated after receiving a payment of 971 million pesos (three million dollars) from the Army, following the sale of the armaments factory "Valmoval", which was part of the Army. But a Chamber of Deputes investigative commission examined every detail of that sale and concluded that the transaction had been convenient for the Army. The involvement of a relative so close to the Commander-in-Chief, was a lack of delicacy, but there was no evidence of malice or fiscal damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2019/02/de-poncio-pilatos-pinochet.html|title=De Poncio Pilatos a Pinochet|language=es|date=February 24, 2019|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Historia de la Revolución Militar Chilena 1973 - 1990|author=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]|publisher=Editorial El Roble|date=2019|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/historia-de-la-revolucion-militar_21.html}}</ref>

On May 28, 1993, the "''boinazo''" occurred, the headline "Pinochet's son's checks case reopened" appeared on "La Nación" Newspaper. The case for which Augusto Pinochet Hiriart, son of General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, was being investigated after receiving a payment of 971 million pesos (three million dollars) from the Army, following the sale of the armaments factory "Valmoval", which was part of the Army. But a Chamber of Deputes investigative commission examined every detail of that sale and concluded that the transaction had been convenient for the Army. The involvement of a relative so close to the Commander-in-Chief, was a lack of delicacy, but there was no evidence of malice or fiscal damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2019/02/de-poncio-pilatos-pinochet.html|title=De Poncio Pilatos a Pinochet|language=es|date=February 24, 2019|publisher=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]'s blog}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Historia de la Revolución Militar Chilena 1973 - 1990|author=[[Hermógenes Pérez de Arce]]|publisher=Editorial El Roble|date=2019|url=https://blogdehermogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/historia-de-la-revolucion-militar_21.html}}</ref>

After the press release, the building of the Armed Forces - a few steps away from [[La Moneda]] - was surrounded by soldiers with war uniforms, painted faces and black berets, this is known as the "''boinazo''".

After the press release, the building of the Armed Forces - a few steps away from [[La Moneda]] - was surrounded by soldiers with war uniforms, painted faces and black berets, this is known as the "''boinazo''".

The latter ordered a confrontation between the retired military officer and former DINA director Manuel Contreras, which took place on the 18th of the same month at the Lo Curro Military Club.

The latter ordered a confrontation between the retired military officer and former DINA director Manuel Contreras, which took place on the 18th of the same month at the Lo Curro Military Club.

A few days later, Judge Cerda ordered his indictment and house arrest as the alleged perpetrator of four crimes in the context of the investigation into the secret accounts at Riggs Bank. Pinochet regained his freedom after paying a $6 million bail.

A few days later, Judge Cerda ordered his indictment and house arrest as the alleged perpetrator of four crimes in the context of the investigation into the secret accounts at Riggs Bank. Pinochet regained his freedom after paying a $6 million bail.

Also in November, the former President was indicted and convicted by Minister Montiglio for his responsibility in the so-called "Operation Colombo" case. On December 28, Pinochet was remanded in custody at his home in La Dehesa.

Also in November, the former president was indicted and convicted by Minister Montiglio for his responsibility in the so-called "Operation Colombo" case. On December 28, Pinochet was remanded in custody at his home in La Dehesa.

In January 2006, the Plenary of the Court of Appeals of Santiago decided to strip him of his immunity in the trial for kidnapping and torture in Villa Grimaldi.

In January 2006, the Plenary of the Court of Appeals of Santiago decided to strip him of his immunity in the trial for kidnapping and torture in Villa Grimaldi.

That same month, Judge Cerda indicted the entire Pinochet Hirart family for tax evasion, alteration and use of false passports. The wife and children of the former commander-in-chief of the Army quickly regained their freedom, except for his eldest daughter, Inés Lucía, who at the time of the notification was in Argentina.

That same month, Judge Cerda indicted the entire Pinochet Hirart family for tax evasion, alteration and use of false passports. The wife and children of the former commander-in-chief of the Army quickly regained their freedom, except for his eldest daughter, Inés Lucía, who at the time of the notification was in Argentina.