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→1880: Stalwarts vs. Blaine faction vs. Half-Breeds
====1880: Stalwarts vs. Blaine faction vs. Half-Breeds====
====1880: Stalwarts vs. Blaine faction vs. Half-Breeds====
Howe worked in the Stalwart movement during the 1880 Republican National Convention to nominate Ulysses S. Grant for an unprecedented, nonconsecutive third term at the Chicago convention.<ref name=pp97-99/> The movement was led by Roscoe Conkling (the leader of the Stalwart Republicans), Thomas C. Platt, [[John A. Logan]], and [[J. Donald Cameron]], with its earlier groundwork planned by late Michigan senator [[Zachariah Chandler]].
Howe worked in the Stalwart movement during the 1880 Republican National Convention to nominate Ulysses S. Grant for an unprecedented, nonconsecutive third term at the Chicago convention.<ref name=pp97-99/> The movement was led by Roscoe Conkling (the leader of the Stalwart Republicans), [[Thomas C. Platt]], [[John A. Logan]], and [[J. Donald Cameron]], with its earlier groundwork planned by late Michigan senator [[Zachariah Chandler]].
At the convention, several other factions sought their own preferred candidates for the nomination. The Half-Breeds were split, with western elements favoring John Sherman while the Eastern leadership supported George F. Edmunds; [[James G. Blaine]] was supported by his political faction led by [[Eugene Hale]] and [[William P. Frye]]. Stalwarts hoped to use the unit rule to nominate Grant, as the tool allowed state GOP leaders to count all delegate votes for their preferred candidate regardless of individual allegiances; under the unit rule, votes supplied by Illinois, New York, and Pennsylvania, controlled by Stalwarts, would give Grant the nomination.
At the convention, several other factions sought their own preferred candidates for the nomination. The Half-Breeds were split, with western elements favoring John Sherman while the Eastern leadership supported George F. Edmunds; [[James G. Blaine]] was supported by his political faction led by [[Eugene Hale]] and [[William P. Frye]]. Stalwarts hoped to use the unit rule to nominate Grant, as the tool allowed state GOP leaders to count all delegate votes for their preferred candidate regardless of individual allegiances; under the unit rule, votes supplied by Illinois, New York, and Pennsylvania, controlled by Stalwarts, would give Grant the nomination.