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→Barid Al Sharq
There were the activities of the German embassies and legations, one of the most active diplomats being certainly the German envoy in Iraq, Fritz Grobba.
There were the activities of the German embassies and legations, one of the most active diplomats being certainly the German envoy in Iraq, Fritz Grobba.
These diplomats worked closely together with the local groups (Ortsgruppen) of the NSDAP, as far as they existed. There were a variety of contacts between the diplomatic missions and writers, politicians, journalists of different persuasions in Iraq, Egypt, Syria , Lebanon and Palestine. There were the Arab Clubs in Germany which were under the close supervision of the Gestapo. And there were free-lance journalists and politicians, Arabs who resided in neutral countries, who were influenced and sometimes paid by German money but were not under complete controle, like the Druze -Lebanese Emir Shakib Arslan (1869-1946), an Arab intellectual who resided in Switzerland, where he published his political journal La Nation Arabe...</font></blockquote></ref> out, widely read.
These diplomats worked closely together with the local groups (Ortsgruppen) of the NSDAP, as far as they existed. There were a variety of contacts between the diplomatic missions and writers, politicians, journalists of different persuasions in Iraq, Egypt, Syria , Lebanon and Palestine. There were the Arab Clubs in Germany which were under the close supervision of the Gestapo. And there were free-lance journalists and politicians, Arabs who resided in neutral countries, who were influenced and sometimes paid by German money but were not under complete controle, like the Druze -Lebanese Emir Shakib Arslan (1869-1946), an Arab intellectual who resided in Switzerland, where he published his political journal La Nation Arabe...</font></blockquote></ref> out, widely read.
==Islamische Kulturbund==
The Islamische Kulturbund or Islamic Cultural Association (Rābiţat at-Taqāfa al-İslāmīya) has been founded in [[Vienna]] in 1932 on the initiative of Arslan.<ref>The Maghreb Review: Majallat Al-Maghrib. United Kingdom: n.p., 1993. [https://books.google.com/books?id=e6RwAAAAMAAJ&q=hilali 41].<blockquote>The Nazis strove to increase their influence by sending Takki ed-Din el-Hilali, the Arabic speaker of Radio Berlin, to Tetouan to stir up anti-Jewish feeling in Spanish Morocco, where there were nearly 13,000 Jews, besides those who lived in Ceuta and Melilla. Trips to Germany were funded and in Austria Shekib Arselan founded the Islamische Kulturbund.
</blockquote></ref><ref>Blind für die Geschichte? Arabische Begegnungen mit dem Nationalsozialismus. Germany: De Gruyter, 2021. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9K9IEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 22].
<blockquote><font size=1>[Zu diesen Organisationen gehörten : 1. der Islamische Kulturbund (Rābiţat at - Taqāfa al-İslāmīya). Er war 1932 in Wien auf Initiative Arslāns gegründet worden; sein Vorsitzender war der muslimische Österreicher Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels (1901-1960), Ehrenvorsitzender der Brite Khalid Sheldrake (Benjamin William Sheldrake, 1888-1947), der zugleich der Western Islamic Association in London vorstand und Mitglied des während des Rifkrieges dort gebildeten Rif - Komitees gewesen war. Dem Islamischen Kulturbund gehörten drei marokkanische Nationalisten an: Muhammad al - Makki an - Nāşirī (1906-1972) aus Rabat, 'Abd as - Salām Banūna aus Tetuan und Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Wazzānī aus Fes.
Eine weitere Vereinigung war das Comité de Defense du Maghreb Arabe in Berlin. Es wurde von einem gewissen Khalid Boudon geleitet und richtete sich gegen die Kolonialmächte, insbesondere gegen Frankreich. 1930 organisierte es eine große Kundgebung in Berlin, um gegen die Feierlichkeiten zum 100. Jahrestag der Eroberung Algeriens und gegen die prozionistische Politik Großbritanniens in Palästina zu protestieren. Zu Marokko verbreitete das Comité eine Broschüre gegen den „Berber - Dahir“ mit dem Titel „Protestation contre l'attentat perpétré par la France au Maroc".]
These organizations included:
1.
The Islamic Cultural Association (Rābiţat at-Taqāfa al-İslāmīya). It had been founded in Vienna in 1932 on the initiative of Arslān; its chairman was the Muslim Austrian Omar Rolf von Ehrenfels (1901-1960), honorary chairman of the Brit Khalid Sheldrake (Benjamin William Sheldrake, 1888-1947), who at the same time headed the Western Islamic Association in London and was a member of the Rif Committee formed there during the Rif War. Three Moroccan nationalists belonged to the Islamic Cultural Association: Muhammad al-Makki an-Nāşirī (1906-1972) from Rabat, 'Abd as-Salām Banūna from Tetuan and Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Wazzānī from Fez.
2.
Another association was the Comité de Defense du Maghreb Arabe in Berlin. Led by a certain Khalid Boudon, it was directed against the colonial powers, especially France. In 1930 it organized a large rally in Berlin to protest the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the conquest of Algeria and Britain's pro-Zionist policies in Palestine. In Morocco, the committee distributed a brochure against the "Berber - Dahir" with the title "Protestation contre l'attentat perpétré par la France au Maroc".</font>
</blockquote></ref>
The Islamische Kulturbund existed in Vienna till 1939. In the Nazi era, it was dissolved, and an association called Islamische Gemeinschaft zu Wien was registered.<ref>Islam and the European Union. Belgium: Peeters, 2004.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=wRCcJ_eQKu4C&pg=PA203 203].
<blockquote>
In the Interwar period, some hundred Muslims lived in Austria , the Islamische Kulturbund existed in Vienna till 1939. In the Nazi era an association called Islamische Gemeinschaft zu Wien was registered.</blockquote></ref><ref>Schuller, Josef Peter. Die verborgene Moschee: Zur Sichtbarkeit muslimischer Gebetsräume in Wien. Germany: Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag, 2014. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QlN4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 28].
<blockquote><font size=1>
[Verlust Bosnien-Herzegowinas sank naturgemäß die Anzahl von MuslimInnen in Österreich, dennoch wurde während der Ersten Republik der „Islamische Kulturbund" gegründet. Allerdings wurde dieser nach dem Anschluss Österreichs an das nationalsozialistische Deutschland wieder aufgelös. Das islamgesetz von 1912 bleib jedoch weiterhin in Kraft. Anstelle des „Islamischen Kulturbundes" wurde mit Unterstützung der NSDAP 1943 die „Islamische Gemeinschaft zu Wien" als eingetragener Verein etabliert, der sich allerdings 1948 als Folge interner Meinungsverschiedenheit im Zusammenhang mit politischen Einstellungen führender Mitglieder während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wieder auflöste.]
With the loss of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the number of Muslims in Austria naturally fell, but the "Islamic Cultural Association" was founded during the First Republic. However, it was dissolved again after Austria's annexation to National Socialist Germany. The Islam law of 1912, however, remains in force. Instead of the "Islamic Cultural Association", the "Islamic Community of Vienna" was established as a registered association with the support of the NSDAP in 1943, which, however, dissolved again in 1948 as a result of internal differences of opinion in connection with the political attitudes of leading members during the Second World War.</font></blockquote></ref>
==Barid Al Sharq==
==Barid Al Sharq==
Contributors included the Lebanese pan-Islamist Shakib Arslan and Abdurreshid Ibrahim, who, after his service for Germany during the First World War, had now become imam of the Tokyo Mosque, giving the paper a further pan-Islamic tinge... The journal also published several speeches by members of the Nazi elite, by al-Husayni (including his calls for Jihad)...
Contributors included the Lebanese pan-Islamist Shakib Arslan and Abdurreshid Ibrahim, who, after his service for Germany during the First World War, had now become imam of the Tokyo Mosque, giving the paper a further pan-Islamic tinge... The journal also published several speeches by members of the Nazi elite, by al-Husayni (including his calls for Jihad)...
The editors of Barid al-Sharq also published an Arabic- language brochure with the title Islam and the Jews (''al-Islam wa-l-Yahud''), based on a series of articles that the journal had run earlier under the same title. Numerous copies were distributed in Tunis. In spring 1942, the German consulate in Tangier reported the "confiscation" of several boxes of the brochure by Spanish officials. Files stored in the archives of the Foreign Office in Berlin indicate that the distribution of Barid al-Sharq in the Tangier zone repeatedly caused friction between German officials and the local Spanish administration during the North African campaign. The SS played only a small role in Germany's propaganda efforts targeting the Middle East and North Africa. Perhaps the most significant example was the attempt by SS officers to portray Hitler as a religious figure.</font></blockquote></ref>
The editors of Barid al-Sharq also published an Arabic- language brochure with the title Islam and the Jews (''al-Islam wa-l-Yahud''), based on a series of articles that the journal had run earlier under the same title. Numerous copies were distributed in Tunis. In spring 1942, the German consulate in Tangier reported the "confiscation" of several boxes of the brochure by Spanish officials. Files stored in the archives of the Foreign Office in Berlin indicate that the distribution of Barid al-Sharq in the Tangier zone repeatedly caused friction between German officials and the local Spanish administration during the North African campaign. The SS played only a small role in Germany's propaganda efforts targeting the Middle East and North Africa. Perhaps the most significant example was the attempt by SS officers to portray Hitler as a religious figure.</font></blockquote></ref>
Nazi propagandist on the Radio, Yunus Bahri, also contributed, edited there.<ref name=wild-1985/>
Nazi propagandist on the Radio, Yunus Bahri, also contributed, edited there.<ref name=wild-1985/>
==See also==
==See also==