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→Political Conditions
There was a surge of interest in political reform after Bashar al-Asad assumed power in 2000. Human rights activists and other civil society advocates, as well as some parliamentarians, became more outspoken during a period referred to as "Damascus Spring" (July 2000-February 2001). Asad also made a series of appointments of reform-minded advisors to formal and less formal positions, and included a number of similarly oriented individuals in his cabinet. The 2001 arrest and long-term detention of the two reformist parliamentarians and the apparent marginalizing of some of the reformist advisors in the past five years, indicate that the pace of any political reform in Syria is likely to be much slower than the short-lived Damascus Spring promised. A crackdown on civil society in 2005, in the wake of Syria's withdrawal from Lebanon, and again in the late winter and spring of 2006, reinforced the perception that any steps toward political form were likely to be halting and piecemeal at best.
There was a surge of interest in political reform after Bashar al-Asad assumed power in 2000. Human rights activists and other civil society advocates, as well as some parliamentarians, became more outspoken during a period referred to as "Damascus Spring" (July 2000-February 2001). Asad also made a series of appointments of reform-minded advisors to formal and less formal positions, and included a number of similarly oriented individuals in his cabinet. The 2001 arrest and long-term detention of the two reformist parliamentarians and the apparent marginalizing of some of the reformist advisors in the past five years, indicate that the pace of any political reform in Syria is likely to be much slower than the short-lived Damascus Spring promised. A crackdown on civil society in 2005, in the wake of Syria's withdrawal from Lebanon, and again in the late winter and spring of 2006, reinforced the perception that any steps toward political form were likely to be halting and piecemeal at best.
====US occupied Syria====
===Syrian front===
{{See also|Syrian war}}
On April 17, 2022, Turkiye launched Operation Claw-Lock against the U.S.-allied Kurdistan Workers Party ([[PKK]]) terrorist organization in the Kurdistan region of [[Syria]].
On June 16, 2022, warplanes of the Russian Aerospace Forces carried out airstrikes on positions of US-backed Maghaweir al-Thowra in the southeastern Syrian area of [[al-Tanf]], where the US-led coalition maintains a garrison. The airstrikes were reportedly a response to an attack with a roadside bomb that resulted in Russian military casualties. Russia blamed MaT for the attack. The US-led coalition was alerted ahead of the airstrike.
[[File:Syria October 21, 2022.PNG|right|3--px|thumb|Syria, October 21, 2022. Yellow is the illegally occupied territory by the United States.]]
As part of an ongoing investigation, on June 16, 2022, a U.S. airman was taken into custody in conjunction with am insider attack in Green Village, Syria that killed 4 U.S. airmen. After reviewing the information in the investigation, the airman's commander made the decision to place him in pretrial confinement, according to a statement provided to [[CNN]] on June 22 by Ann Stefanek, an Air Force spokesperson.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/21/politics/air-force-syria-arrest/index.html</ref>
The United States occupies portions of Syria in order to steal Syria oil.<ref>https://mronline.org/2022/08/16/u-s-troops-loot-84-oil-tankers-from-syria-smuggle-them-into-iraq/</ref> The stolen oil revenues are used to fund the U.S.-backed rebels attempting to overthrow the Syrian government.
On October 6, 2022, U.S. forces invaded the sovereign territory of Syria.
Recent attempts by al-Qaeda-affiliated Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) to expand its influence from the region of Greater Idlib to the northern Aleppo countryside in Syria was met with a fierce response from the Russian military grouping in the country on October 16, 2022.
On October 21, 2022, an unidentified drone attacked a U.S. base in occupied Syria where the United States has been looting Syrian oil for sale in Europe without compensation to Syria.
''[[Reuters]]'' reported the [[Pentagon]] announced on November 23, 2022, that air strikes by NATO ally Turkiye threatened the safety of U.S. military personnel in northern Syria where the United States has roughly 900 troops [[illegal]]ly stationed and without any authorization from the [[U.S. Congress]] or the [[United Nations]]. Turkish President Erdogan said Turkiye's air operations were only the beginning and it would launch a land operation when convenient after an escalation in retaliatory strikes.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkish-air-strikes-syria-threatened-safety-us-personnel-pentagon-2022-11-23/</ref> Turkiye launched air operations in retaliation for an [[Istanbul]] [[terrorist]] attack a week earlier that killed six people and injured 81, in which Turkiye claimed the United States was complicit.<ref>https://archive.ph/25M9F</ref>
''Reuters'' reported on November 30, 2022, that Llyod Austin warned Turkiye against operations in Syria.<ref>https://news.yahoo.com/pentagon-chief-warns-turkey-against-231952503.html</ref>
On March 24, 2023 sources reported that there were very heavy clashes in Syria. Some sources reported that Iranian forces were attacking the United States base in U.S.-occupied Syria. As a result of the Iranian attack, the United States lost at least one soldier and a few civilians. In response the US started their own bombing and shelling of the territory of the Syrian authorities and, as a result, one Iranian soldier and officer were killed. Some Russian sources reported that during the artillery duels with the Iranian forces, there was combat between Russian forces and American forces.
===National Security===
===National Security===