The first equation is just [[C. A. Coulomb|Coulomb]]'s law of electrostatics, manipulated very elegantly (as usual) by [[Michael Faraday|Faraday]] and [[Gauss]]. Coulomb's law simply says that the electric force between two charged particles acts in the direction of the line between them, is attracting if they have like charges and repelling if unlike, is proportional to the product of the charges, and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them:
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The first equation is just [[C. A. Coulomb|Coulomb]]'s law of electrostatics, manipulated very elegantly (as usual) by [[Michael Faraday|Faraday]] and [[Gauss]]. Coulomb's law simply says that the electric force between two charged particles acts in the direction of the line between them, is repelling if they have like charges and attracting if unlike, is proportional to the product of the charges, and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: