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The '''Shroud of Turin''' (in Italian, ''la Sacra Sindone'') is the most studied artifact in the history of the world.  It is a burial cloth almost precisely 14.5' long by 4' wide, having attributes from the time and place of [[Jesus]], with blood stains and the image of an executed man. [[Liberal denial]] of its authenticity requires implausible conspiracy theories.  In January 2023 it went on public display for the first time in a decade, in [[Turin]], [[Italy]].<ref name="BBC">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8612315.stm</ref>

The '''Shroud of Turin''' (in Italian, ''la Sacra Sindone'') is the most studied artifact in the history of the world.  It is a burial cloth almost precisely 14.5' long by 4' wide, having attributes from the time and place of [[Jesus]], with blood stains and the image of an executed man. [[Liberal denial]] of its authenticity requires implausible conspiracy theories.  In January 2023 it went on public display for the first time in a decade, in [[Turin]], [[Italy]].<ref name="BBC">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8612315.stm</ref>

[[Forensic]] evidence indicates that it is the image of man who [[scourge]]d and crucified, and yet (as described about Jesus in the [[Bible]]) without breaking of the victim's legs as done to expedite a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] execution.<ref name="Forensics">http://www.shroudstory.com/forensics.htm</ref>  The image was formed after the blood staining, suggesting that the image was caused by an after-death flash of light like a negative in photography.<ref>"The Shroud of Turin is a negative image." [https://www.shroud.com/piczek3.htm]</ref>  The image is scientifically precise in ways unknown to any medieval forgers; the thumbs are not visible because the nails were through the wrists,<ref name="BBC"/> not through the hands as mistakenly thought until the 20th century<ref name="Forensics"/> and mistranslated from the [[Bible]].<ref>In {{bibleref|John|20|25}}, the Greek term χερσὶν (chersin) actually means wrists, not merely hands.  [[Strong's]] narrow definition is incomplete. [https://biblehub.com/greek/5495.htm]</ref>

[[Forensic]] evidence indicates that it is the image of man who [[scourge]]d and crucified, and yet (as described about Jesus in the [[Bible]]) without breaking of the victim's legs as done to expedite a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] execution.<ref name="Forensics">http://www.shroudstory.com/forensics.htm</ref>  The image was formed after the blood staining, suggesting that the image was caused by an after-death flash of light like a negative in photography.<ref>"The Shroud of Turin is a negative image." [https://www.shroud.com/piczek3.htm]</ref>  The image is scientifically precise in ways unknown to any medieval forgers; the thumbs are not visible because the nails were through the wrists,<ref name="BBC"/> not through the hands as mistakenly thought until the 20th century<ref name="Forensics"/> and mistranslated from the [[Bible]].<ref>In {{bibleref|John|20|27}}, the Greek term χερσὶν (chersin) actually means wrists, not merely hands.  [[Strong's]] narrow definition is incomplete. [https://biblehub.com/greek/5495.htm]</ref>

An [[agnostic]] [[British]] scholar studied the Shroud and concluded in his book, ''The Sign'' (2012), that the Shroud is authentic and was even the basis of [[disciples]]' acceptance of the [[Resurrection]].<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9162459/Mystery-solved-Turin-Shroud-linked-to-Resurrection-of-Christ.html</ref> The shroud has caused some [[agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]] [[scientist]]s to convert to [[Christianity]].<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/mrinobnf.pdf]</ref>  Other scientists, who have not converted, still consider the Shroud to be the authentic burial cloth for [[Jesus Christ]].  Some refer to the Shroud as the "Fifth [[the Gospels|Gospel]]."

An [[agnostic]] [[British]] scholar studied the Shroud and concluded in his book, ''The Sign'' (2012), that the Shroud is authentic and was even the basis of [[disciples]]' acceptance of the [[Resurrection]].<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9162459/Mystery-solved-Turin-Shroud-linked-to-Resurrection-of-Christ.html</ref> The shroud has caused some [[agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]] [[scientist]]s to convert to [[Christianity]].<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/mrinobnf.pdf]</ref>  Other scientists, who have not converted, still consider the Shroud to be the authentic burial cloth for [[Jesus Christ]].  Some refer to the Shroud as the "Fifth [[the Gospels|Gospel]]."