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| | But an extensive medical investigation that was published by the [[American Medical Association]]'s peer-reviewed flagship journal, ''JAMA'', concluded that: | | But an extensive medical investigation that was published by the [[American Medical Association]]'s peer-reviewed flagship journal, ''JAMA'', concluded that: |
| | {{cquote|The hands could be nailed or tied to the crossbar, but nailing apparently was preferred by the Romans. The nails were tapered iron spikes approximately 5 to 7 in (13 to 18 cm) long with a square shaft 3/8 in (1 cm) across. The nails commonly were driven through the wrists rather than the palms.<ref>https://www.cbcg.org/scourging-crucifixion.html</ref>}} | | {{cquote|The hands could be nailed or tied to the crossbar, but nailing apparently was preferred by the Romans. The nails were tapered iron spikes approximately 5 to 7 in (13 to 18 cm) long with a square shaft 3/8 in (1 cm) across. The nails commonly were driven through the wrists rather than the palms.<ref>https://www.cbcg.org/scourging-crucifixion.html</ref>}} |
| − | It is estimated that "00,000 to 150,000 people before Emperor Constantine outlawed the practice in A.D. 337 after converting to Christianity."<ref name="Artnet">https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-discover-best-physical-evidence-crucifixion-2045534</ref> | + | It is estimated that "100,000 to 150,000 people before Emperor Constantine outlawed the practice in A.D. 337 after converting to Christianity."<ref name="Artnet">https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-discover-best-physical-evidence-crucifixion-2045534</ref> |
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| | Although there is extensive written evidence about the [[Roman]] practice of crucifixion, which was learned from the [[Carthaginian]]s, only 5 crucified artifacts have been discovered in modern times: "ones from Gavello, Italy, and Mendes, Egypt, have been identified .... Construction workers in Jerusalem found the only other one featuring a nail in 1968, but the body was not intact, and thus is not fully accepted as firm evidence of crucifixion ...."<ref name="Artnet"/> | | Although there is extensive written evidence about the [[Roman]] practice of crucifixion, which was learned from the [[Carthaginian]]s, only 5 crucified artifacts have been discovered in modern times: "ones from Gavello, Italy, and Mendes, Egypt, have been identified .... Construction workers in Jerusalem found the only other one featuring a nail in 1968, but the body was not intact, and thus is not fully accepted as firm evidence of crucifixion ...."<ref name="Artnet"/> |
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| | So why would [[Roman]] soldiers take that risk of error, rather than simply use the sturdier approach of placing the nails in the wrists instead? They likely would use the easier, more secure approach of using the wrists, as shown in the [[Shroud of Turin]]. Note, however, that until the late 20th century it was commonly assumed and typically portrayed in paintings that the nails were through the hands of [[Jesus]], not his wrists. | | So why would [[Roman]] soldiers take that risk of error, rather than simply use the sturdier approach of placing the nails in the wrists instead? They likely would use the easier, more secure approach of using the wrists, as shown in the [[Shroud of Turin]]. Note, however, that until the late 20th century it was commonly assumed and typically portrayed in paintings that the nails were through the hands of [[Jesus]], not his wrists. |
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| | + | In [[Acts 10-19 (Translated)#12:7|Acts 12:7]], the same Greek term must be translated as "wrists", because it was what the chains fell off of (not hands). |
| | == See also == | | == See also == |
| | *[[Shroud of Turin]] | | *[[Shroud of Turin]] |