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The number of justices has remained at a maximum of nine since 1869.
The number of justices has remained at a maximum of nine since 1869.
==Antithesis to civil rights==
:{{main|Gavagan–Van Nuys–Wagner Act}}
In 1937, the U.S. House overwhelmingly passed an anti-lynching bill, the Gavagan–Wagner Act, which the U.S. Senate did not take up that year due to its primary business concerned with the Judicial Procedures Reform Act, President Roosevelt's "court-packing plan." The very pro–New Deal, Democratic House sponsor of the anti-lynching bill, [[Joseph A. Gavagan]], noted Roosevelt's shunning of the Act:<ref>Malkiel, Nancy Joan Weiss (1983). [https://archive.org/details/farewelltopartyo00weis Farewell to the Party of Lincoln: Black Politics in the Age of FDR]. ''Internet Archive''. Retrieved June 5, 2023.</ref>
{{cquote|This apparent disinterestedness on the part of the White House in legislation of this type always puzzled me, and although I attempted on several occasions to procure an answer to the query, I was unsuccessful. I finally gave up the attempt, convinced that perhaps after all, President Roosevelt was taking first things first and felt that the more demanding questions were more vital to the nation at that particular time than any equal rights legislation.|||Rep. Joseph A. Gavagan (D–NY)}}
Roosevelt, needing Southern Democratic support to maintain any practical hopes of passing the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill, sought their support by shunning civil rights efforts,<ref>"Farewell to the Party of Lincoln," pp. 244–45.</ref> as he did previously in effectively opposing the [[Costigan–Wagner Act]], an earlier anti-lynching bill, in 1935.
==References==
==References==