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→After 1947
====After 1947====
====After 1947====
British troops were withdrawn to the [[Suez Canal]] area in 1947, but nationalist, anti-British feelings continued to grow after the war. On July 22–23, 1952, a group of disaffected army officers (the "free officers") led by Lt. Col. [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] overthrew King Farouk, whom the military blamed for Egypt's poor performance in the 1948 war with [[Israel]]. Following a brief experiment with civilian rule, they abrogated the 1923 constitution and declared Egypt a republic on June 19, 1953. Nasser evolved into a charismatic leader, not only of Egypt, but the [[Arab world]], promoting and implementing "Arab socialism." He nationalized Egypt's economy.
British troops were withdrawn to the [[Suez Canal]] area in 1947, but nationalist, anti-British feelings continued to grow after the war.
=====[[1948 Arab-Israeli War]]: Bombing Jewish civilians=====
[[File:Egyptian air bombing civilians July 14, 1948.jpg|thumb|Egyptian air bombing of civilians - July 14, 1948]]
Egypt had been bombing civilian areas in Tel Aviv nearly continuously<ref>[https://elderofziyon.blogspot.com/2023/07/75-years-ago-another-egyptian-air-raid.html?m=1 75 years ago: Another Egyptian air raid on Tel Aviv kills 18]</ref> since Israel declared independence on May 14, and resulting in high casualties of innocent Jews. While infamous Issa Nakhleh claimed Egyptians were invited by Arab Higher Committee for "peace."<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1948/05/16/01/article/11 The Palestine Post 16 May 1948.
<blockquote><small>
EGYPTIAN INVASION BEFORE THE U.N. SECURITTY COUNCIL
LAKE SUCCESS , Saturday . — Israel today appealed to an emergency meeting of the Security Council to order a halt to Arab invasions into Palestine and, if necessary, to impose economic and military sanctions. Dr. Mordechai Eliahu, representing the day-old Jewish State, appealed to the Council to act fast against the invading Arab States, because every hour counts. He stated that King Abdullah of Trans-Jordan, through the instrument of the Arab Legion, was clearly committing an act of aggression. At the beginning of the session, Dr. Issa Nakhleh, of the Arab Higher Committee, declared that Egyptian forces had been invited by the A. H. C. to assist in the establishment of law and order. He asked: What right has the Jewish Agency, which represents world Jewry, to complain against this action before the Security Council?</small></blockquote></ref>
On May 18, Egyptian planes dropped bombs on a crowded Tel Aviv bus station, killing 42 people, including women and children.
<ref>Sybil Ehrlich, [https://www.jpost.com/local-israel/tel-aviv-and-center/last-tickets-please Last tickets, please"], ''The Jerusalem Post'', Aug 6, 2009 <blockquote>on May 18, 1948, the bus station was bombed by the Egyptian air force, resulting in 42 persons killed - including four members of the Dan cooperative - and 100 wounded, as well as considerable damage. </blockquote></ref>
On July 14, Egyptian air raid killed 14 and injured 40, while Syrian planes attacked Haifa.<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1948/07/14/01/article/5 EGYPTIAN AIR RAID KILLS 14 IN TEL AVIV]. ''The Palestine Post'', July 14, 1948.
<blockquote>
TEL AVIV , Tuesday . — Fourteen people were killed and 40 were wounded in indiscriminate bombing of Tel Aviv this morning. The raiders — Egyptian Dakotas escorted by Spitfires — dropped their bombs from various levels on residential and business quarters about 10 minutes after the alert had been sounded just before noon. Most of the casualties were in upper stories of houses, although one woman who refused to leave place in a kerosene queue was killed by a bomb splinter. One of the Egyptian fighter pilots dived low to spray a street and killed a horse .
An old man sitting at a kiosk was unhurt when a bomb fell 3 metres away and failed to explode. It was later removed by the Army.
Bombs were dropped on Tel Aviv and nearby during four other alerts. The dead are: Z . Bograshov , Freda Sirkis , Moshe Bosher. Avraham Buchsbaum, Gershon Buchsbaum, Yona Wigshon, Moshe Yarkoni, Rivka Briger, David Mahmias (a boy of about ten), Shmuel Sirnos (13), and a baby two women and a man, who have not yet been identified.
Anti-aircraft guns were operated against the raiders.
HAIFA BOMBED FOR FIRST TIME
Tuesday . — Haifa was bombed late today for the first time in this war by a twin-engined plane, described as Syrian. Half an hour after the first raid, the craft returned and dropped more bombs on Haifa. Neither casualties nor damage were reported. Enemy planes were prevented from bombing Affula by anti-aircraft which shot guns down one plane near Zarin. Kfar Yehezkiel was bombed from the air and one settler was killed.</small></blockquote></ref>
These air raids all targeted civilians. They were the 1948 equivalent of decades later "Palestinian" rocket attacks, with no military goal and only aimed at terrorizing Jews.
An estimated 150 were killed in Egyptian air raids and shelling from the sea on Tel Aviv during the War of Independence.<ref>[https://blog.nli.org.il/en/hoi_egypt_tel-aviv/ When the Egyptians Bombed Tel Aviv], Amit Naor, IL Library blog, 03.02.2020.
Despite its somewhat hedonistic and detached image, the city of Tel Aviv faced its share of difficulties during the War of Independence. So what does Leonard Bernstein have to do with all this?</ref>
=====1952 and on=====
On July 22–23, 1952, a group of disaffected army officers (the "free officers") led by Lt. Col. [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] overthrew King Farouk, whom the military blamed for Egypt's poor performance in the 1948 war with [[Israel]]. Following a brief experiment with civilian rule, they abrogated the 1923 constitution and declared Egypt a republic on June 19, 1953. Nasser evolved into a charismatic leader, not only of Egypt, but the [[Arab world]], promoting and implementing "Arab socialism." He nationalized Egypt's economy.
Nasser helped establish the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] of developing countries in September 1961, and continued to be a leading force in the movement until his death in 1970. When the United States held up military sales in reaction to Egyptian neutrality vis-à-vis [[Soviet Union|Moscow]], Nasser concluded an arms deal with [[Czechoslovakia]] in September 1955.
Nasser helped establish the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] of developing countries in September 1961, and continued to be a leading force in the movement until his death in 1970. When the United States held up military sales in reaction to Egyptian neutrality vis-à-vis [[Soviet Union|Moscow]], Nasser concluded an arms deal with [[Czechoslovakia]] in September 1955.