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This concept is expressly cited, typically favorably, in 2,168 court decisions, including 1,392 federal cases (42 in the Supreme Court) and 699 state court cases (as of Aug. 5, 2023).
'''Academic freedom''' is defined by [[Merriam-Webster]] as "freedom to teach or to learn without interference (as by government officials)."<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/academic%20freedom Merriam-Webster.com</ref>
'''Academic freedom''' is defined by [[Merriam-Webster]] as "freedom to teach or to learn without interference (as by government officials)."<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/academic%20freedom Merriam-Webster.com</ref>
{{quotation|America’s universities traditionally have been considered
This concept is expressly cited, typically favorably, in 2,168 court decisions, including 1,392 federal cases (42 in the Supreme Court) and 699 state court cases (as of Aug. 5, 2023).
places where the free exchange of ideas—academic freedom,
in short—is not only welcome but, indeed, vital to
{{quotation|America’s universities traditionally have been considered places where the free exchange of ideas—academic freedom, in short—is not only welcome but, indeed, vital to
the purpose and proper functioning of higher education.<ref>[http://www.thefire.org/pdfs/free-speech-2.pdf]</ref>}}
the purpose and proper functioning of higher education.<ref>[http://www.thefire.org/pdfs/free-speech-2.pdf]</ref>}}