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→History of Northumbria
Northumbria was an Anglian kingdom of the [[Heptarchy]] period, covering a large area of what is now northern [[England]] and southern [[Scotland]]. At its peak, it extended from the Rivers [[Humber]] and [[Mersey]] in the south to the Firth of Forth and the northern shores of the [[Solway Firth]] in the north.
Northumbria was an Anglian kingdom of the [[Heptarchy]] period, covering a large area of what is now northern [[England]] and southern [[Scotland]]. At its peak, it extended from the Rivers [[Humber]] and [[Mersey]] in the south to the Firth of Forth and the northern shores of the [[Solway Firth]] in the north.
== History of Northumbria ==
=== History of Northumbria ===
(tbc)
The Kingdom of Northumbria was formed by the union of the kingdoms of Bernicia (north of the River [[Tees]]) and Deira (south of the Tees, roughly corresponding with the county of [[Yorkshire]]. Berniccia was traditionally founded by the Anglian chieftain Ida who seized the coastal strong point of Bamburgh in AD 547, and from that point conquered what is now modern [[Northumberland]]. More recent scholarship suggests that Bernicia developed as a Celtic-Anglian kingdom, with centres of kingship at Bamburgh, Yeavering and Millfield.
The kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira were united under Aethelfrith of Bernicia in 604; he was killed in battle in 616 and replaced by Edwin, the son of a former king of Deira. Edwin converted to Christianity and became the most powerful ruler in Great Britain, expanding Northumbrian territory by conquering the [[Isle of Man]] and parts of north [[Wales]]; however, his enemies combined against him and he was killed in 633. Edwins death led to a period of warfare and fragmentation of the kingdom, but it was reunited after 634 under the exiled Bernician noble Oswald, who, backed by troops of the Irish kingdom of [[Dalriada]] (where he had lived in exile), defeated the Welsh king Cadwallon at the Battle of Heavenfield, near [[Hadrian's Wall]] in [[Northumberland]], in 634.
Oswald invited Celtic monks from [[Iona]] under Aidan to form a monastery on [[Holy Island]] ([[Lindisfarne]]); between 650 and 750 Northumbrian monasticism was an intellectual beacon