Changes

== Exorcism ==

== Exorcism ==

The boy then underwent an exorcism under auspices of the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Anglican (Episcopal) Church]]. After this, the case was referred to Rev. Edward Hughes, a [[Roman Catholic]] priest, who, after examining the boy at St. James Church,<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Rev. Hughes">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title=Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology|quote= So Robbie and his parents went to St. James Church and met with Fr. Albert Hughes, a twenty-nine year old priest. After spending some time with Robbie, Fr. Hughes became convinced that there was something "evil" about the boy.|publisher =[[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref> conducted an [[exorcism]] on the fourteen-year-old boy at [[Georgetown University Hospital]], a [[Jesuit]] institution.<ref name="Emissary - Rev. Hughes">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q469xc7mbksC&pg=PA69&dq=Walter+Halloran+exorcism+ouija&lr=&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Walter%20Halloran%20exorcism%20ouija&f=false| title = A Faraway Ancient Country|quote=The first exorcism was conducted by Father Albert Hughes at Georgetown University Hospital, a Jesuit institution. Within five minutes of beginning the ritual, the boy stabbed the priest, inflicting a wound that took stitches. Thus ended the initial attempt to rid the demon. The youth was released and sent home to be with his family. A few days later, the teenager began screaming hysterically while in the bathroom. The parents rushed into the room to find the words "St. Louis" written in blood upon the boy's chest. St. Louis was where the dead aunt had lived. The family then moved to St. Louis to stay with relatives. At this time, the case came before Father William Bowdern, pastor of St. Louis University - another Jesuit institution.|publisher = [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> During the exorcism, the boy inflicted a wound upon the pastor, costing him stitches; as a result, the exorcism ritual was stopped and the boy went home to be with his family.<ref name="Emissary - Rev. Hughes">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q469xc7mbksC&pg=PA69&dq=Walter+Halloran+exorcism+ouija&lr=&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Walter%20Halloran%20exorcism%20ouija&f=false| title = A Faraway Ancient Country|quote=The first exorcism was conducted by Father Albert Hughes at Georgetown University Hospital, a Jesuit institution. Within five minutes of beginning the ritual, the boy stabbed the priest, inflicting a wound that took stitches. Thus ended the initial attempt to rid the demon. The youth was released and sent home to be with his family. A few days later, the teenager began screaming hysterically while in the bathroom. The parents rushed into the room to find the words "St. Louis" written in blood upon the boy's chest. St. Louis was where the dead aunt had lived. The family then moved to St. Louis to stay with relatives. At this time, the case came before Father William Bowdern, pastor of St. Louis University - another Jesuit institution.|publisher = [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> While Ronald Mannheim was in his house, he screamed as he and his family saw the words "St. Louis" written upon his chest in blood; this city was the place where his Aunt Harriet had died.<ref name="Sue Lim - Eleven Days">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZH_CdJpxoUC&pg=PA98&dq=Phyllis+Mannheim&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Phyllis%20Mannheim&f=false|title= Good Spirits, Bad Spirits: How to Distinguish Between Them |quote= On January 26, eleven days after the first scratching sounds...Aunt Harriet died in St. Louis...Robbie, who seems to have been devastated by the death, went back to using the Ouija board.|publisher = Writers Club Press|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref><ref name="Emissary - Rev. Hughes"/> The family then proceeded to take the [[train]] to St. Louis.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= The family, desperate at this point, got on a train and headed for St. Louis. Robbie and his parents stayed with their relatives. One of the relatives, Robbie's cousin, was a student at St. Louis university. She had seen so many strange things happen to Robbie that she decided to talk with one of her professors, Fr. Raymond Bishop, SJ. Having listened to her story, Fr. Bishop contacted the pastor of College Church, which is associated with the university. |publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> While they were in the city, Robbie's cousin contacted one of his professors at St. Louis University, [[Raymond J. Bishop|Rev. Raymond J. Bishop, SJ]], who in turn, spoke to [[William S. Bowdern|Rev. William S. Bowdern]], an associate of College Church.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= The family, desperate at this point, got on a train and headed for St. Louis. Robbie and his parents stayed with their relatives. One of the relatives, Robbie's cousin, was a student at St. Louis university. She had seen so many strange things happen to Robbie that she decided to talk with one of her professors, Fr. Raymond Bishop, SJ. Having listened to her story, Fr. Bishop contacted the pastor of College Church, which is associated with the university. |publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> Together, both priests visited Ronald in his relatives' home, where they noticed his aversion to anything [[sacred]], a shaking bed, flying objects, and Ronald speaking in a demoniacal voice.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Visit">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= Together, Bishop and Bowdern visited Robbie at his relatives' home. His revulsion over things sacred, his bed shaking violently, and things flying across the room-these were some of the things that Bowdern and Bishop witnessed. The boy spoke in a deep guttural voice and had an uncanny ability to spit at great lengths and hit a priest in the eye. After a few contacts, the priests decided that they needed to talk with the archbishop about the possibility of an exorcism.|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> In light of these observations, Rev. Bowdern sought permission from the [[archbishop]] to have the plaguing [[Christian demonology|demons]] cast out from the boy.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Visit">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= Together, Bishop and Bowdern visited Robbie at his relatives' home. His revulsion over things sacred, his bed shaking violently, and things flying across the room-these were some of the things that Bowdern and Bishop witnessed. The boy spoke in a deep guttural voice and had an uncanny ability to spit at great lengths and hit a priest in the eye. After a few contacts, the priests decided that they needed to talk with the archbishop about the possibility of an exorcism.|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> The archbishop approved the exorcism with three stipulations:<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Stipulations">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= First, Bowdern himself would conduct the exorcism ( a decision Bowdern had not anticipated and didn't really want). Second, a tedious diary would be kept concerning all the activities that would accompany the exorcism. And third, Bowdern was to tell no one what he was doing.|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref>  

The boy then underwent an exorcism under auspices of the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Anglican (Episcopal) Church]]. After this, the case was referred to Rev. Edward Hughes, a [[Roman Catholic]] priest, who, after examining the boy at St. James Church,<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Rev. Hughes">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title=Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology|quote= So Robbie and his parents went to St. James Church and met with Fr. Albert Hughes, a twenty-nine year old priest. After spending some time with Robbie, Fr. Hughes became convinced that there was something "evil" about the boy.|publisher =[[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2007-12-31}}</ref> conducted an [[exorcism]] on the fourteen-year-old boy at [[Georgetown University Hospital]], a [[Jesuit]] institution.<ref name="Emissary - Rev. Hughes">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q469xc7mbksC&pg=PA69&dq=Walter+Halloran+exorcism+ouija&lr=&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Walter%20Halloran%20exorcism%20ouija&f=false| title = A Faraway Ancient Country|quote=The first exorcism was conducted by Father Albert Hughes at Georgetown University Hospital, a Jesuit institution. Within five minutes of beginning the ritual, the boy stabbed the priest, inflicting a wound that took stitches. Thus ended the initial attempt to rid the demon. The youth was released and sent home to be with his family. A few days later, the teenager began screaming hysterically while in the bathroom. The parents rushed into the room to find the words "St. Louis" written in blood upon the boy's chest. St. Louis was where the dead aunt had lived. The family then moved to St. Louis to stay with relatives. At this time, the case came before Father William Bowdern, pastor of St. Louis University - another Jesuit institution.|publisher = [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> During the exorcism, the boy inflicted a wound upon the pastor, costing him stitches; as a result, the exorcism ritual was stopped and the boy went home to be with his family.<ref name="Emissary - Rev. Hughes">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q469xc7mbksC&pg=PA69&dq=Walter+Halloran+exorcism+ouija&lr=&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Walter%20Halloran%20exorcism%20ouija&f=false| title = A Faraway Ancient Country|quote=The first exorcism was conducted by Father Albert Hughes at Georgetown University Hospital, a Jesuit institution. Within five minutes of beginning the ritual, the boy stabbed the priest, inflicting a wound that took stitches. Thus ended the initial attempt to rid the demon. The youth was released and sent home to be with his family. A few days later, the teenager began screaming hysterically while in the bathroom. The parents rushed into the room to find the words "St. Louis" written in blood upon the boy's chest. St. Louis was where the dead aunt had lived. The family then moved to St. Louis to stay with relatives. At this time, the case came before Father William Bowdern, pastor of St. Louis University - another Jesuit institution.|publisher = [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> While Ronald Mannheim was in his house, he screamed as he and his family saw the words "St. Louis" written upon his chest in blood; this city was the place where his Aunt Harriet had died.<ref name="Sue Lim - Eleven Days">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZH_CdJpxoUC&pg=PA98&dq=Phyllis+Mannheim&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Phyllis%20Mannheim&f=false|title= Good Spirits, Bad Spirits: How to Distinguish Between Them |quote= On January 26, eleven days after the first scratching sounds...Aunt Harriet died in St. Louis...Robbie, who seems to have been devastated by the death, went back to using the Ouija board.|publisher = Writers Club Press|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref><ref name="Emissary - Rev. Hughes"/> The family then proceeded to take the [[train]] to St. Louis.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= The family, desperate at this point, got on a train and headed for St. Louis. Robbie and his parents stayed with their relatives. One of the relatives, Robbie's cousin, was a student at St. Louis university. She had seen so many strange things happen to Robbie that she decided to talk with one of her professors, Fr. Raymond Bishop, SJ. Having listened to her story, Fr. Bishop contacted the pastor of College Church, which is associated with the university. |publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> While they were in the city, Ronald's cousin contacted one of his professors at St. Louis University, [[Raymond J. Bishop|Rev. Raymond J. Bishop, SJ]], who in turn, spoke to [[William S. Bowdern|Rev. William S. Bowdern]], an associate of College Church.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= The family, desperate at this point, got on a train and headed for St. Louis. Robbie and his parents stayed with their relatives. One of the relatives, Robbie's cousin, was a student at St. Louis university. She had seen so many strange things happen to Robbie that she decided to talk with one of her professors, Fr. Raymond Bishop, SJ. Having listened to her story, Fr. Bishop contacted the pastor of College Church, which is associated with the university. |publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> Together, both priests visited Ronald in his relatives' home, where they noticed his aversion to anything [[sacred]], a shaking bed, flying objects, and Ronald speaking in a demoniacal voice.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Visit">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= Together, Bishop and Bowdern visited Robbie at his relatives' home. His revulsion over things sacred, his bed shaking violently, and things flying across the room-these were some of the things that Bowdern and Bishop witnessed. The boy spoke in a deep guttural voice and had an uncanny ability to spit at great lengths and hit a priest in the eye. After a few contacts, the priests decided that they needed to talk with the archbishop about the possibility of an exorcism.|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> In light of these observations, Rev. Bowdern sought permission from the [[archbishop]] to have the plaguing [[Christian demonology|demons]] cast out from the boy.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Visit">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= Together, Bishop and Bowdern visited Robbie at his relatives' home. His revulsion over things sacred, his bed shaking violently, and things flying across the room-these were some of the things that Bowdern and Bishop witnessed. The boy spoke in a deep guttural voice and had an uncanny ability to spit at great lengths and hit a priest in the eye. After a few contacts, the priests decided that they needed to talk with the archbishop about the possibility of an exorcism.|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> The archbishop approved the exorcism with three stipulations:<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Stipulations">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= First, Bowdern himself would conduct the exorcism ( a decision Bowdern had not anticipated and didn't really want). Second, a tedious diary would be kept concerning all the activities that would accompany the exorcism. And third, Bowdern was to tell no one what he was doing.|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref>  

#[[William S. Bowdern|Rev. William S. Bowdern]], would be in charge of performing the exorcism upon Ronald Hunkeler.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Stipulations">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= First, Bowdern himself would conduct the exorcism ( a decision Bowdern had not anticipated and didn't really want). Second, a tedious diary would be kept concerning all the activities that would accompany the exorcism. And third, Bowdern was to tell no one what he was doing.|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref>  

#[[William S. Bowdern|Rev. William S. Bowdern]], would be in charge of performing the exorcism upon Ronald Hunkeler.<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Stipulations">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote= First, Bowdern himself would conduct the exorcism ( a decision Bowdern had not anticipated and didn't really want). Second, a tedious diary would be kept concerning all the activities that would accompany the exorcism. And third, Bowdern was to tell no one what he was doing.|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref>  

#Rev. Bowdern was to keep a detailed diary of the [[deliverance ministry|deliverance]].<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Stipulations"/>   

#Rev. Bowdern was to keep a detailed diary of the [[deliverance ministry|deliverance]].<ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Stipulations"/>