Changes

== Poltergeist activity ==

== Poltergeist activity ==

According to those involved in the case and also reported by the media, around the time of Aunt Harriet's death, the scratching noise in Grandmother Wagner's room ceased; yet, new kinds of [[poltergeist]] activity commenced.<ref name="Sue Lim - Scratching Ceased">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZH_CdJpxoUC&pg=PA98&dq=Phyllis+Mannheim&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Phyllis%20Mannheim&f=false|title= Good Spirits, Bad Spirits: How to Distinguish Between Them |quote= Around the time of Aunt Harriet's death, the scratching sounds in the grandmother's room stopped. Karl proclaimed that the noisy rodent had died or gone away. But upstairs in Robbie's room new noises began,|publisher = Writers Club Press|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> These strange happenings included the sound of squeaky shoes and marching feet,<ref name="Sue Lim - Squeaky Shoes">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZH_CdJpxoUC&pg=PA98&dq=Phyllis+Mannheim&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Phyllis%20Mannheim&f=false|title= Good Spirits, Bad Spirits: How to Distinguish Between Them |quote= He described them as squeaky shoes.|publisher = Writers Club Press|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref><ref name="Emissary - Poltergeist">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q469xc7mbksC&pg=PA69&dq=Walter+Halloran+exorcism+ouija&lr=&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Walter%20Halloran%20exorcism%20ouija&f=false| title = A Faraway Ancient Country|quote=Whenever the youth was at home, unexplained noises would reverberate from the attic, furniture would move on its own accord, objects flew, and witnesses reported hearing the sound of marching feet. Once, a portrait of Christ fell off the wall.|publisher = [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> amongst other strange noises,<ref name="Dr. Mehra Shrikhande - Strange Noises">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=SpeXY898fkYC&pg=PA129&dq=Luther+Miles+Schulze&cd=4#v=onepage&q=Luther%20Miles%20Schulze&f=false|title= Paranormal Experiences|quote= Strange noises were heard in the boy's room, furniture moved on its own, pictures fell from the wall and the boy's bed shook violently.|publisher = Unicorn Books|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> furniture moved on its own accord,<ref name="Emissary - Poltergeist"/><ref name="Dr. Mehra Shrikhande - Strange Noises"/> and ordinary objects, including a vase flew or levitated.<ref name="Emissary - Poltergeist"/><ref name="Thomas B. Allen - Poltergeist">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7AEvAAAAYAAJ&q=A+vase+was+slowly+rising+from+the+table.+Allen&dq=A+vase+was+slowly+rising+from+the+table.+Allen&cd=1| title = Possessed: the true story of an exorcism |quote=While the family members were still talking about the flipping chair, one of  them pointed to a small table. A vase was slowly rising from the table.|publisher = [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> Moreover, scratches appeared on the teen's body and [[sacramentals|blessed objects]], such as a container of [[holy water]], which were placed near him, smashed to the ground on their own.<ref name="Dr. Mehra Shrikhande - Holy + Water">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SpeXY898fkYC&pg=PA129&dq=Luther+Miles+Schulze&cd=4#v=onepage&q=Luther%20Miles%20Schulze&f=false| title = Paranormal Experiences |quote=As the possession intensified, the boy's suffering increased. Scratches appeared on his body and a container of holy water kept near him smashed automatically on the ground.|publisher = Unicorn Books|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> This said supernatural phenomena was not confined to the Mannheim's home but seemed to carry with him where he went; for example, while at school, Ronald's desk lurched into the aisle and began skittering about, banging the desks of other classmates.<ref name="Sue Lim - School Desk">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZH_CdJpxoUC&pg=PA98&dq=Phyllis+Mannheim&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Phyllis%20Mannheim&f=false| title = Good Spirits, Bad Spirits: How to Distinguish Between Them|quote=Nor were these alarming phenomena confined to the Mannheim's home. The desks at Robbie's school were movable seat=desk units, with a single arm acting as a writing surface. Several times in January and February Robbie's desk lurched into the aisle and began skittering about, banging other desks and causing a schoolroom uproar.|publisher = Writers Club Press|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref><ref name="Carrol Lee Fry - School Desk">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LylaC3ZxSbAC&pg=PA130&dq=Robbie+Mannheim&cd=3#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20Mannheim&f=false| title = Cinema of the occult: new age, satanism, Wicca, and spiritualism in film |quote=When objects start flying about in his room and in his school, his parents eventually take him to Father William Bowden (Timothy Dalton), a Jesuit faculty member at St. Louis University who, like Father Karras in ''The Exorcist'', carries a load of guilt and is the the film's doubter but comes to believe the boy is really possessed.|publisher = [[Rosemont Publishing & Printing Corp.]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> Forty-eight witnesses came forward to substantiate this case and these unbelievable incidents that occurred, according to official reports.<ref name="Emissary - 48">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q469xc7mbksC&pg=PA69&dq=Walter+Halloran+exorcism+ouija&lr=&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Walter%20Halloran%20exorcism%20ouija&f=false| title = A Faraway Ancient Country|quote=Forty-eight witnesses would later come forward to substantiate this case and the unbelievable incidents that occurred.|publisher = [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref><ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Group Hysteria">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote=Yet the problem is that Robbie's eyewitnesses were spread out. they came from entirely different settings and reported the same things. For instance, the shaking bed was reported by numerous people both in the Washington D.C. area and in St. Louis. Is it really possible that forty-eight eyewitnesses in different areas and at different times were all hysterical?|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-03}}</ref><ref name="Douglas Lockhart - Forty-eight">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=qhyOAAAAMAAJ&q=Robbie+forty+eight+exorcism&dq=Robbie+forty+eight+exorcism&lr=&cd=3|title= The dark side of God: a quest for the lost heart of Christianity|quote=The film ''The Exorcist'' was based on a supposed case of actual possession where a spirit of considerable malignancy was exorcised by Jesuits in 1949 - official reports show that no less than forty-eight people witnessed this exorcism, nine of them Jesuits.|publisher = Element|accessdate = 2010-04-03}}</ref>

According to those involved in the case and also reported by the media, around the time of Aunt Harriet's death, the scratching noise in Grandmother Wagner's room ceased; yet, new kinds of poltergeist activity commenced.<ref name="Sue Lim - Scratching Ceased">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZH_CdJpxoUC&pg=PA98&dq=Phyllis+Mannheim&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Phyllis%20Mannheim&f=false|title= Good Spirits, Bad Spirits: How to Distinguish Between Them |quote= Around the time of Aunt Harriet's death, the scratching sounds in the grandmother's room stopped. Karl proclaimed that the noisy rodent had died or gone away. But upstairs in Robbie's room new noises began,|publisher = Writers Club Press|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> These strange happenings included the sound of squeaky shoes and marching feet,<ref name="Sue Lim - Squeaky Shoes">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZH_CdJpxoUC&pg=PA98&dq=Phyllis+Mannheim&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Phyllis%20Mannheim&f=false|title= Good Spirits, Bad Spirits: How to Distinguish Between Them |quote= He described them as squeaky shoes.|publisher = Writers Club Press|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref><ref name="Emissary - Poltergeist">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q469xc7mbksC&pg=PA69&dq=Walter+Halloran+exorcism+ouija&lr=&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Walter%20Halloran%20exorcism%20ouija&f=false| title = A Faraway Ancient Country|quote=Whenever the youth was at home, unexplained noises would reverberate from the attic, furniture would move on its own accord, objects flew, and witnesses reported hearing the sound of marching feet. Once, a portrait of Christ fell off the wall.|publisher = [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> amongst other strange noises,<ref name="Dr. Mehra Shrikhande - Strange Noises">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=SpeXY898fkYC&pg=PA129&dq=Luther+Miles+Schulze&cd=4#v=onepage&q=Luther%20Miles%20Schulze&f=false|title= Paranormal Experiences|quote= Strange noises were heard in the boy's room, furniture moved on its own, pictures fell from the wall and the boy's bed shook violently.|publisher = Unicorn Books|accessdate = 2010-04-02}}</ref> furniture moved on its own accord,<ref name="Emissary - Poltergeist"/><ref name="Dr. Mehra Shrikhande - Strange Noises"/> and ordinary objects, including a vase flew or levitated.<ref name="Emissary - Poltergeist"/><ref name="Thomas B. Allen - Poltergeist">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7AEvAAAAYAAJ&q=A+vase+was+slowly+rising+from+the+table.+Allen&dq=A+vase+was+slowly+rising+from+the+table.+Allen&cd=1| title = Possessed: the true story of an exorcism |quote=While the family members were still talking about the flipping chair, one of  them pointed to a small table. A vase was slowly rising from the table.|publisher = [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> Moreover, scratches appeared on the teen's body and [[sacramentals|blessed objects]], such as a container of [[holy water]], which were placed near him, smashed to the ground on their own.<ref name="Dr. Mehra Shrikhande - Holy + Water">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SpeXY898fkYC&pg=PA129&dq=Luther+Miles+Schulze&cd=4#v=onepage&q=Luther%20Miles%20Schulze&f=false| title = Paranormal Experiences |quote=As the possession intensified, the boy's suffering increased. Scratches appeared on his body and a container of holy water kept near him smashed automatically on the ground.|publisher = Unicorn Books|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> This said supernatural phenomena was not confined to the Mannheim's home but seemed to carry with him where he went; for example, while at school, Ronald's desk lurched into the aisle and began skittering about, banging the desks of other classmates.<ref name="Sue Lim - School Desk">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZH_CdJpxoUC&pg=PA98&dq=Phyllis+Mannheim&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Phyllis%20Mannheim&f=false| title = Good Spirits, Bad Spirits: How to Distinguish Between Them|quote=Nor were these alarming phenomena confined to the Mannheim's home. The desks at Robbie's school were movable seat=desk units, with a single arm acting as a writing surface. Several times in January and February Robbie's desk lurched into the aisle and began skittering about, banging other desks and causing a schoolroom uproar.|publisher = Writers Club Press|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref><ref name="Carrol Lee Fry - School Desk">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LylaC3ZxSbAC&pg=PA130&dq=Robbie+Mannheim&cd=3#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20Mannheim&f=false| title = Cinema of the occult: new age, satanism, Wicca, and spiritualism in film |quote=When objects start flying about in his room and in his school, his parents eventually take him to Father William Bowden (Timothy Dalton), a Jesuit faculty member at St. Louis University who, like Father Karras in ''The Exorcist'', carries a load of guilt and is the the film's doubter but comes to believe the boy is really possessed.|publisher = [[Rosemont Publishing & Printing Corp.]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref> Forty-eight witnesses came forward to substantiate this case and these unbelievable incidents that occurred, according to official reports.<ref name="Emissary - 48">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=q469xc7mbksC&pg=PA69&dq=Walter+Halloran+exorcism+ouija&lr=&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Walter%20Halloran%20exorcism%20ouija&f=false| title = A Faraway Ancient Country|quote=Forty-eight witnesses would later come forward to substantiate this case and the unbelievable incidents that occurred.|publisher = [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]|accessdate = 2010-03-27}}</ref><ref name="Terry D. Cooper, Cindy K. Epperson - Group Hysteria">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DXHqjYs3l5kC&pg=PA25&dq=Robbie++exorcism&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Robbie%20%20exorcism&f=false|title= Evil: Satan, Sin, and Psychology |quote=Yet the problem is that Robbie's eyewitnesses were spread out. they came from entirely different settings and reported the same things. For instance, the shaking bed was reported by numerous people both in the Washington D.C. area and in St. Louis. Is it really possible that forty-eight eyewitnesses in different areas and at different times were all hysterical?|publisher = [[Paulist Press]]|accessdate = 2010-04-03}}</ref><ref name="Douglas Lockhart - Forty-eight">{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=qhyOAAAAMAAJ&q=Robbie+forty+eight+exorcism&dq=Robbie+forty+eight+exorcism&lr=&cd=3|title= The dark side of God: a quest for the lost heart of Christianity|quote=The film ''The Exorcist'' was based on a supposed case of actual possession where a spirit of considerable malignancy was exorcised by Jesuits in 1949 - official reports show that no less than forty-eight people witnessed this exorcism, nine of them Jesuits.|publisher = Element|accessdate = 2010-04-03}}</ref>

== Medical and pastoral conclusions ==

== Medical and pastoral conclusions ==