Changes

The '''Holocaust''' was systematic destruction by the [[Nazis]] of [[Jews|Jewish culture]], society, and, in ''die Endlösung'' (the '''Final Solution'''), the lives of Jews, Slavs, the disabled, Roma, and all others viewed as racially inferior, from 1933 to 1945. Before [[Hitler]] and the [[Nazis]] came to national power in 1933, they [[demonize]]d the Jews as subhuman and the cause of all [[Germany]]'s troubles. Once in power, the Nazis first removed the Jews from positions of power and prestige, initially by [[gun control]];<ref>See many articles from [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership]]</ref> from 1938–41 they imposed severe restrictions on Jews in Germany (many of whom fled). The systematic killings started in 1941, as the [[SS]] under [[Heinrich Himmler]] rounded up all the Jews they could find in the areas under Nazi control, and ultimately killed about 6 million through mobile SS death squads and in the extermination camps.  Millions of non-Jews were also killed in separate Nazi operations.

The '''Holocaust''' was systematic destruction by the [[Nazis]] of [[Jews|Jewish culture]], society, and, in ''die Endlösung'' (the '''Final Solution'''), the lives of Jews, Slavs, the disabled, Roma, and all others viewed as racially inferior, from 1933 to 1945. Before [[Hitler]] and the [[Nazis]] came to national power in 1933, they [[demonize]]d the Jews as subhuman and the cause of all [[Germany]]'s troubles. Once in power, the Nazis first removed the Jews from positions of power and prestige, initially by [[gun control]];<ref>See many articles from [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership]]</ref> from 1938–41 they imposed severe restrictions on Jews in Germany (many of whom fled). The systematic killings started in 1941, as the [[SS]] under [[Heinrich Himmler]] rounded up all the Jews they could find in the areas under Nazi control, and ultimately killed about 6 million through mobile SS death squads and in the extermination camps.  Millions of non-Jews were also killed in separate Nazi operations.

During the early 1930s, Communists collaborated with Nazis in the [[Prussian Landtag referendum]]<ref>Childers, Thomas (1983). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Nazi_Voter/Do3CCQ2rkBoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=landtag+referendum+communists+nazis&pg=PA195&printsec=frontcover The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref><ref>Moncure, Billy (September 28, 2018). [https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/communists-allied-with-nazis.html How Communists in Germany Allied with Nazis to Destroy Democracy]. ''War History Online''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref> and [[Berlin transport strike]],<ref>Edwards, Lee (November 1999). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Collapse_of_Communism/AglXAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nazi+communist+transport+strike&pg=PA58&printsec=frontcover The Collapse of Communism], p. 58. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref><ref>Bullock, Alan (1962). [https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr0000bull Hitler: A Study in Tyranny], pp. 229–32. ''Internet Archive''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref><ref>McKenzie, John Richard Philip (1971). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Weimar_Germany_1918_1933/6RFoAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nazis+transport+strike+bolsheviks+bourgeoisie&dq=nazis+transport+strike+bolsheviks+bourgeoisie&printsec=frontcover Weimar Germany, 1918-1933], p. 238. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref> all but ensuring Hitler's rise to power and eventual mass murder of six million Jews. Communists, along with Social Democrats,<ref>Fischer, Conan (April 3, 1991). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_German_Communists_and_the_Rise_of_Na/DXqJDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=communist+recruits+sturmabteilung&pg=PA110&printsec=frontcover The German Communists and the Rise of Nazism], p. 110. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref> also comprised a large bulk of ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA) recruits<ref>Brown, Timothy Scott (April 23, 2009). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Weimar_Radicals/nnZyz6JOKlQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=communist+recruits+%22stormtroopers&pg=PA139&printsec=frontcover Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance], pp. 137–39. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref><ref>Fischer, Conan (1996). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rise_of_National_Socialism_and_the_W/B2RiYX6aC68C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=communist+recruit+stormtroopers&pg=PA108&printsec=frontcover The Rise of National Socialism and the Working Classes in Weimar Germany], p. 108. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref> who later continued in Nazi ranks and participated in the mass murders of innocent Jews, Christians, Roma, and Eastern Europeans.

During the early 1930s, KPD [[Communists]] openly collaborated with Nazis in the [[Prussian Landtag referendum]]<ref>Childers, Thomas (1983). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Nazi_Voter/Do3CCQ2rkBoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=landtag+referendum+communists+nazis&pg=PA195&printsec=frontcover The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref><ref>Moncure, Billy (September 28, 2018). [https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/communists-allied-with-nazis.html How Communists in Germany Allied with Nazis to Destroy Democracy]. ''War History Online''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref> and [[Berlin transport strike]],<ref>Edwards, Lee (November 1999). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Collapse_of_Communism/AglXAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nazi+communist+transport+strike&pg=PA58&printsec=frontcover The Collapse of Communism], p. 58. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref><ref>Bullock, Alan (1962). [https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr0000bull Hitler: A Study in Tyranny], pp. 229–32. ''Internet Archive''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref><ref>McKenzie, John Richard Philip (1971). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Weimar_Germany_1918_1933/6RFoAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nazis+transport+strike+bolsheviks+bourgeoisie&dq=nazis+transport+strike+bolsheviks+bourgeoisie&printsec=frontcover Weimar Germany, 1918-1933], p. 238. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref> all but ensuring Hitler's rise to power and eventual mass murder of six million Jews. Communists, along with Social Democrats,<ref>Fischer, Conan (April 3, 1991). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_German_Communists_and_the_Rise_of_Na/DXqJDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=communist+recruits+sturmabteilung&pg=PA110&printsec=frontcover The German Communists and the Rise of Nazism], p. 110. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref> also comprised a large bulk of ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA) recruits<ref>Brown, Timothy Scott (April 23, 2009). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Weimar_Radicals/nnZyz6JOKlQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=communist+recruits+%22stormtroopers&pg=PA139&printsec=frontcover Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance], pp. 137–39. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref><ref>Fischer, Conan (1996). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rise_of_National_Socialism_and_the_W/B2RiYX6aC68C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=communist+recruit+stormtroopers&pg=PA108&printsec=frontcover The Rise of National Socialism and the Working Classes in Weimar Germany], p. 108. ''Google Books''. Retrieved October 8, 2023.</ref> who later continued in Nazi ranks and participated in the mass murders of innocent Jews, Christians, Roma, and Eastern Europeans.

The Holocaust was known but downplayed between 1945–1960, but since 1960 has become one of the central memories and horrors of [[World War II]], shaping policies by and towards [[Israel]] and profoundly shaping the modern conceptions of guilt and evil.

The Holocaust was known but downplayed between 1945–1960, but since 1960 has become one of the central memories and horrors of [[World War II]], shaping policies by and towards [[Israel]] and profoundly shaping the modern conceptions of guilt and evil.