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→US occupied Syria
There was a surge of interest in political reform after Bashar al-Asad assumed power in 2000. Human rights activists and other civil society advocates, as well as some parliamentarians, became more outspoken during a period referred to as "Damascus Spring" (July 2000-February 2001). Asad also made a series of appointments of reform-minded advisors to formal and less formal positions, and included a number of similarly oriented individuals in his cabinet. The 2001 arrest and long-term detention of the two reformist parliamentarians and the apparent marginalizing of some of the reformist advisors in the past five years, indicate that the pace of any political reform in Syria is likely to be much slower than the short-lived Damascus Spring promised. A crackdown on civil society in 2005, in the wake of Syria's withdrawal from Lebanon, and again in the late winter and spring of 2006, reinforced the perception that any steps toward political form were likely to be halting and piecemeal at best.
There was a surge of interest in political reform after Bashar al-Asad assumed power in 2000. Human rights activists and other civil society advocates, as well as some parliamentarians, became more outspoken during a period referred to as "Damascus Spring" (July 2000-February 2001). Asad also made a series of appointments of reform-minded advisors to formal and less formal positions, and included a number of similarly oriented individuals in his cabinet. The 2001 arrest and long-term detention of the two reformist parliamentarians and the apparent marginalizing of some of the reformist advisors in the past five years, indicate that the pace of any political reform in Syria is likely to be much slower than the short-lived Damascus Spring promised. A crackdown on civil society in 2005, in the wake of Syria's withdrawal from Lebanon, and again in the late winter and spring of 2006, reinforced the perception that any steps toward political form were likely to be halting and piecemeal at best.
===Arab Spring===
{{See also|Arab Spring|Obama war crimes}}
====US occupied Syria====
====US occupied Syria====
{{See also|Syrian war}}
{{See also|Syrian war}}
On March 24, 2023 sources reported that there were very heavy clashes in Syria. Some sources reported that Iranian forces were attacking the United States base in U.S.-occupied Syria. As a result of the Iranian attack, the United States lost at least one soldier and a few civilians. In response the US started their own bombing and shelling of the territory of the Syrian authorities and, as a result, one Iranian soldier and officer were killed. Some Russian sources reported that during the artillery duels with the Iranian forces, there was combat between Russian forces and American forces.
On March 24, 2023 sources reported that there were very heavy clashes in Syria. Some sources reported that Iranian forces were attacking the United States base in U.S.-occupied Syria. As a result of the Iranian attack, the United States lost at least one soldier and a few civilians. In response the US started their own bombing and shelling of the territory of the Syrian authorities and, as a result, one Iranian soldier and officer were killed. Some Russian sources reported that during the artillery duels with the Iranian forces, there was combat between Russian forces and American forces.
====Russian intervention====
On September 30, 2015, [[Russia]] began conducting special missions on the territory of Syria in response to a request from the country's leadership. The reason for the Russian military presence in Syria was the activity of a new type of [[terrorist]] groups, which were in fact acting as armies in their own right, using not only small arms and explosives, but also [[tank]]s, armored vehicles and [[artillery]].
The catalyst for this process was the [[Arab Spring]], which began in [[Tunisia]] in late 2010. The fire of the coups quickly spread to [[North Africa]] and West Asia. Where regimes were supported by the [[United States]] ([[Bahrain]], [[Saudi Arabia]]), protests were brutally suppressed and [[the West]] looked the other way. When forces undesirable to the United States were in power, protests were not only encouraged, but also directly supported, including through arms shipments.
[[Libya]] was virtually destroyed by this violent turbulence. In [[Egypt]], on the other hand, the process was reversed and President [[Morsi]], who took office following a wave of protests, was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Unlike some countries where pro-Western politicians took power after [[color revolution]]s, Syria has maintained a continuity that dates back to the [[Soviet Union]].
The interest in cooperation with Moscow also arose from the use of different types of [[weapon]]s against terrorists, as Syria became a real testing ground for new systems and the modernization of old ones. [[Kalibr]] missiles were launched from ships and submarines, [[Kh-101]] missiles from [[Tu-160]] strategic missile carriers, fourth-generation [[Su-34]] aircraft, Orlan-10 and Eleron-3SV drones, combat robots, [[Solntsekek]] flamethrower system, and many more were used. Russian specialists gained invaluable experience in demining various objects.
The constant rotation allowed the commanders of the Russian army to gain first-hand combat experience. The command and control system of the troops has been optimized, which is the direct credit of [[General Surovikin]], who commanded the grouping in 2017.
===National Security===
===National Security===