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→Gorbachev and Soviet dissolution
==Gorbachev and Soviet dissolution==
==Gorbachev and Soviet dissolution==
{{See also|NATO enlargement}}
In 1985, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] became the next (and last) General Secretary of the CPSU. Gorbachev introduced policies of [[perestroika]] (restructuring) and [[glasnost]] (openness). But his efforts to reform the creaky Communist system from within failed. The people of the Soviet Union were not content with half-freedoms granted by Moscow; they demanded more and the system collapsed. [[Boris Yeltsin]] was elected the first president of the Russian Federation in 1991. Russia, Ukraine and Belarus formed the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991. Gorbachev resigned as Soviet President on December 25, 1991. Eleven days later, the U.S.S.R. was formally dissolved.
In 1985, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] became the next (and last) General Secretary of the CPSU. Gorbachev introduced policies of [[perestroika]] (restructuring) and [[glasnost]] (openness). But his efforts to reform the creaky Communist system from within failed. The people of the Soviet Union were not content with half-freedoms granted by Moscow; they demanded more and the system collapsed. [[Boris Yeltsin]] was elected the first president of the Russian Federation in 1991. Russia, Ukraine and Belarus formed the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991. Gorbachev resigned as Soviet President on December 25, 1991. Eleven days later, the U.S.S.R. was formally dissolved.