Changes

A decade ago, as the supreme allied commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, I would meet occasionally with my counterpart in Russia, General Nikolai Makarov (not to be confused with General Vladimir Makarov, a failed Russian commander in Ukraine who committed suicide in Moscow this month). Makarov would remind me of those centuries of war and humiliation. “Too much history,” he once said. Russians have a lot of scar tissue from the last 200 years.<ref>[https://archive.md/ya4oV#selection-3471.0-3471.55 Getting Pummeled in War Is a 200-Year Russian Tradition] by James Stavridis, Bloomberg News, February 23, 2023</ref>}}

A decade ago, as the supreme allied commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, I would meet occasionally with my counterpart in Russia, General Nikolai Makarov (not to be confused with General Vladimir Makarov, a failed Russian commander in Ukraine who committed suicide in Moscow this month). Makarov would remind me of those centuries of war and humiliation. “Too much history,” he once said. Russians have a lot of scar tissue from the last 200 years.<ref>[https://archive.md/ya4oV#selection-3471.0-3471.55 Getting Pummeled in War Is a 200-Year Russian Tradition] by James Stavridis, Bloomberg News, February 23, 2023</ref>}}

'''Wars Russia lost and Russian military defeats:'''  

'''Wars Russia lost, Russian military defeats and other defeats:'''  

*[https://247wallst.com/special-report/2023/08/05/19-wars-russia-has-lost-from-ivan-the-terrible-to-vladimir-putin/ 19 Russian Wars Ending in Defeat, From Ivan the Terrible to Vladimir Putin]

*[https://247wallst.com/special-report/2023/08/05/19-wars-russia-has-lost-from-ivan-the-terrible-to-vladimir-putin/ 19 Russian Wars Ending in Defeat, From Ivan the Terrible to Vladimir Putin]