Changes

# Royal Truman and Peter Borger wrote concerning optimization and the genetic code: "The distribution of ‘code quality’ would roughly follow a Gaussian distribution, based on the [[law of large numbers]]. This means that as coding conventions are improved, it would be ever more difficult for natural selection to generate yet better codes."<ref>[https://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j21_3/j21_3_84-92.pdf Genetic code optimisation: Part 2] by Royal Truman and Peter Borger</ref>   

# Royal Truman and Peter Borger wrote concerning optimization and the genetic code: "The distribution of ‘code quality’ would roughly follow a Gaussian distribution, based on the [[law of large numbers]]. This means that as coding conventions are improved, it would be ever more difficult for natural selection to generate yet better codes."<ref>[https://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j21_3/j21_3_84-92.pdf Genetic code optimisation: Part 2] by Royal Truman and Peter Borger</ref>   

# More than 70% of Earth is covered with water, devastating flooding is frequent, and a massive ancient flood is historically recorded by every culture.  Limestone and fossils exist at the highest peaks of altitude.  Yet mammals cannot survive large floods.  It is impossible to increase the period of time to permit evolution without also increasing the likelihood of extinction of mammals due to large flooding.

# More than 70% of Earth is covered with water, devastating flooding is frequent, and a massive ancient flood is historically recorded by every culture.  Limestone and fossils exist at the highest peaks of altitude.  Yet mammals cannot survive large floods.  It is impossible to increase the period of time to permit evolution without also increasing the likelihood of extinction of mammals due to large flooding.

# Evolution cannot explain the lack of genetic diversity among the Homo sapiens species. Were evolution and the Old Earth theory true, the human population would show a much larger genetic variance.<ref>http://www.godandscience.org/evolution/descent.html#rpafAHIwKHS7</ref> Some scientists have stated that a troop of 55 chimpanzees contains more genetic diversity than the entire human race; this would support the idea that all chimps are descended from a relatively large initial population while all humans are descended from a much smaller initial population (two people, perhaps). 80% of all human diversity is found on the African continent, which accords with a human population growing from a small group in the post-Flood Middle East.[[File:Ara macao -on a small bicycle-8.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|[[Parrot]] feathers are a problem for evolutionists.  For more information, please see [https://creation.com/parrot-fashion parrot feathers].]]

# Evolution cannot explain the lack of genetic diversity among the Homo sapiens species. Were evolution and the Old Earth theory true, the human population would show a much larger genetic variance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-15 |title=Descent of Man Theory: Disproved by Molecular Biology |url=http://www.godandscience.org/evolution/descent.html#rpafAHIwKHS7 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106001429/http://www.godandscience.org/evolution/descent.html#rpafAHIwKHS7 |archive-date=2019-11-06 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=godandscience.org}}</ref> Some scientists have stated that a troop of 55 chimpanzees contains more genetic diversity than the entire human race; this would support the idea that all chimps are descended from a relatively large initial population while all humans are descended from a much smaller initial population (two people, perhaps). 80% of all human diversity is found on the African continent, which accords with a human population growing from a small group in the post-Flood Middle East.[[File:Ara macao -on a small bicycle-8.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|[[Parrot]] feathers are a problem for evolutionists.  For more information, please see [https://creation.com/parrot-fashion parrot feathers].]]

# Parsimonious repetition of design elements throughout Creation, e.g. the eye's appearance in remarkably different species.  For such complex structures to [[convergent evolution|arise repeatedly via evolution]] is [[statistical impossibility|impossible]], as evolution is an inherently random and historically contingent process.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v15/i1/homology.asp</ref>

# Parsimonious repetition of design elements throughout Creation, e.g. the eye's appearance in remarkably different species.  For such complex structures to [[convergent evolution|arise repeatedly via evolution]] is [[statistical impossibility|impossible]], as evolution is an inherently random and historically contingent process.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Does Homology Provide Evidence of Evolutionary Naturalism? |url=https://answersingenesis.org/theory-of-evolution/evidence/does-homology-provide-evidence-of-evolutionary-naturalism/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Answers in Genesis |language=en}}</ref>

# ''Pleiotropy'', the fact that a change of a single gene can have several different effects, renders the "improvement" of animals by random mutation impossible, as any mutation with a potentially beneficial effect will be coupled with one or more other potentially lethal effects.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/aid/v4/n1/beneficial-mutations-in-bacteria</ref>

# ''Pleiotropy'', the fact that a change of a single gene can have several different effects, renders the "improvement" of animals by random mutation impossible, as any mutation with a potentially beneficial effect will be coupled with one or more other potentially lethal effects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Creationist Perspective of Beneficial Mutations in Bacteria |url=https://answersingenesis.org/genetics/mutations/a-creationist-perspective-of-beneficial-mutations-in-bacteria/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Answers in Genesis |language=en}}</ref>

# The development of feathers, which could not have conceivably "grown" from the scales of reptiles<ref>http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/40/4/687.pdf</ref><ref>[http://palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2008/02/early-evolution-of-feathers.html]</ref>

# The development of feathers, which could not have conceivably "grown" from the scales of reptiles<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Larry D. |last2=Czerkas |first2=Stephan A. |date=2000-08 |title=The Fossil Record of Feather Evolution in the Mesozoic |url=https://academic.oup.com/icb/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/icb/40.4.687 |journal=American Zoologist |language=en |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=687–694 |doi=10.1093/icb/40.4.687 |issn=0003-1569}}</ref><ref>[http://palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2008/02/early-evolution-of-feathers.html]</ref>

# For evolution to be true, every male dog, cat, horse, elephant, giraffe, fish and bird had to have coincidentally evolved with a female alongside it (over billions of years) with fully evolved compatible reproductive parts and a desire to mate, otherwise the species couldn't keep going.<ref>https://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=90743</ref>

# For evolution to be true, every male dog, cat, horse, elephant, giraffe, fish and bird had to have coincidentally evolved with a female alongside it (over billions of years) with fully evolved compatible reproductive parts and a desire to mate, otherwise the species couldn't keep going.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-04 |title=Atheists strategize against book on God |url=https://www.wnd.com/2009/03/90743/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=WND |language=en-US}}</ref>

# There are no historical records of anyone directly observing one major kind of animal evolving into another, which would certainly be something worth writing about. Also, "Why are the (expected) countless millions of transitional fossils missing?"<ref>[https://creation.com/15-questions 15 questions for evolutionists]</ref>

# There are no historical records of anyone directly observing one major kind of animal evolving into another, which would certainly be something worth writing about. Also, "Why are the (expected) countless millions of transitional fossils missing?"<ref>[https://creation.com/15-questions 15 questions for evolutionists]</ref>

# If evolution were to explain where human beings come from, then every personality type should benefit human life. This is clearly untrue because the world is filled with liars, psychopaths, and murderers. These traits clearly do not benefit humanity.

# If evolution were to explain where human beings come from, then every personality type should benefit human life. This is clearly untrue because the world is filled with liars, psychopaths, and murderers. These traits clearly do not benefit humanity.