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→Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
==Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth==
==Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth==
Historical Poland (in fact, the Polish-Lithuanian Republic of Two Nations) became divided during the three partitions in 1772, 1793, and 1795 between the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], the Habsburg Monarchy (later [[Austrian Empire]] and [[Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy]]), and the [[Russian Empire]]. At that time, the rulers of all these three states which divided Poland-Lithuania (the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) were of ethnic [[German]] origin – [[Frederick the Great]] of Prussia, [[Catherine the Great]] of Russia, and [[Joseph II]] of Austria. It means that the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (established in 1569 by the Union of Lublin), or the '''Republic of Two Nations''' was partitioned by the mutual agreement of the three ethnic German monarchs (one [[Roman Catholic]], one [[Protestant]] and one originally Protestant, later [[Orthodox]]).
The Republic of Two Nations from the 1720s became extremely weakened from all points of view – [[political]], [[military]], [[social]], [[geopolitical]], and [[financial]]. As a direct result, the Republic’s inner political life became gradually dependent on the powerful neighboring Russian Empire. It became obvious during and after the 1733−1735 War of the Polish Succession when the last Republic’s rulers Augustus III (1734−1763) and Stanislaw Poniatowski (1764−1795) became to all intents and purposes dependent on Russia. In order to gain more independence from [[St. Petersburg]], it was organized the Confederation of Bar in 1768 followed by the Polish revolt which was soon suppressed by the direct intervention of the Russian army.
===First Partition (1772)===
===First Partition (1772)===
===Second Partition (1793)===
===Second Partition (1793)===