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In 40 BC, Antigonos, King of the Parthians, invaded Judea. Herod fled Jerusalem to Rome. There the Senate of Rome passed a resolution recognizing him as "King of the Jews."<ref name=Livius/> This resolution carried with it the establishment of a ''patron-client relationship'' between Rome and Judea. Thus, in essence, Herod became a vassal of the Senate of Rome.<ref name=Livius/><ref name=Greetham1/><ref name=JewishLib/>

In 40 BC, Antigonos, King of the Parthians, invaded Judea. Herod fled Jerusalem to Rome. There the Senate of Rome passed a resolution recognizing him as "King of the Jews."<ref name=Livius/> This resolution carried with it the establishment of a ''patron-client relationship'' between Rome and Judea. Thus, in essence, Herod became a vassal of the Senate of Rome.<ref name=Livius/><ref name=Greetham1/><ref name=JewishLib/>

But this relationship also obliged the Senate to support him with arms, and support him they did. Specifically he had the support of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus [[Augustus]], then [[Proconsul]] of Nearer and Further [[Spain]] and [[France|Gaul]],<ref name=Catholic/> and of [[Marcus Antonius]], [[Proconsul]] of all the Roman provinces east of [[Italy]].<ref name=Columbia>Author unknown. "[http://www.bartleby.com/aol/65/he/Herod.html Entry for Herod]." ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', 6th ed.. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. Retrieved June 18, 2007.</ref> In 37 BC, the reconquest of Judea was complete. Antony himself had Antigonos executed,<ref name=Catholic/> a gesture that probably demonstrated Herod's continued subordinate relationship to Rome.<ref name=Livius/>

But this relationship also obliged the Senate to support him with arms, and support him they did. Specifically he had the support of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus [[Augustus]], then [[Proconsul]] of Nearer and Further [[Spain]] and [[France|Gaul]],<ref name=Catholic/> and of [[Mark Antony|Marcus Antonius]], [[Proconsul]] of all the Roman provinces east of [[Italy]].<ref name=Columbia>Author unknown. "[http://www.bartleby.com/aol/65/he/Herod.html Entry for Herod]." ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', 6th ed.. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. Retrieved June 18, 2007.</ref> In 37 BC, the reconquest of Judea was complete. Antony himself had Antigonos executed,<ref name=Catholic/> a gesture that probably demonstrated Herod's continued subordinate relationship to Rome.<ref name=Livius/>

In 32 BC Herod fought another war against Nabatea and won it a year later.

In 32 BC Herod fought another war against Nabatea and won it a year later.