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[[File:Self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|A Venn diagram showing the relationship between [[self-concept]], self-efficacy, and [[self-esteem]].]]
[[File:Self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|A Venn diagram showing the relationship between [[self-concept]], self-efficacy, and [[self-esteem]].]]
"'''Self-efficacy''' refers to an individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments (Bandura, 1977, 1986, 1997). Self-efficacy reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own [[motivation]], behavior, and social environment."<ref>[https://www.apa.org/pi/aids/resources/education/self-efficacy#:~:text=Self%2Defficacy%20refers%20to%20an,%2C%20behavior%2C%20and%20social%20environment. Self-efficacy]</ref> See also: [[Interpersonal skills]] and [[Social intelligence]]
"'''Self-efficacy''' refers to an individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments (Bandura, 1977, 1986, 1997). Self-efficacy reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own [[motivation]], behavior, and social environment."<ref>[https://www.apa.org/pi/aids/resources/education/self-efficacy#:~:text=Self%2Defficacy%20refers%20to%20an,%2C%20behavior%2C%20and%20social%20environment. Self-efficacy]</ref> See also: [[Agency (psychology)]] and [[Interpersonal skills]] and [[Social intelligence]]
According to La Trobe University: "Psychologists have found that if a person has lower levels of self-efficacy they are more likely to focus on feelings of failure rather than success. People with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to cope better in adverse situations (Park and Folkman, 1997)."<ref>[https://www.latrobe.edu.au/nest/confidence-versus-self-efficacy/ Confidence versus Self-efficacy], La Trobe University</ref>
A person's self-efficacy is related to their [[self-concept]] which is the image a person has of themselves.<ref>[https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-concept-2795865 Self-concept is the image we have of ourselves.]</ref>
A person's self-efficacy is related to their [[self-concept]] which is the image a person has of themselves.<ref>[https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-concept-2795865 Self-concept is the image we have of ourselves.]</ref>
== Visualization and confidence building ==
''See also:'' [[Visualization (psychology)]] and Confidence and [[Courage]]
In [[psychology]], [[Visualization (psychology)|visualization]] is the process of creating mental images or rehearsing movements in your mind. It's also known as mental imagery.<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+visualization+in+psychology&oq=what+is+visualization+in+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDQgAEAAYkQIYgAQYigUyDQgAEAAYkQIYgAQYigUyDQgBEAAYkQIYgAQYigUyBwgCEAAYgAQyBggDEEUYOTIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIHCAcQABiABDIHCAgQABiABDIGCAkQLhhA0gEINjI4NmowajGoAgiwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 What is visualization in psychology?]</ref>
Visualization is often used in [[sport psychology]] where the athlete mentally rehearses a perfect performance. Research indicates that people who engage in positive visualization tend to exhibit higher levels of [[self-confidence]] and they are more apt to pursue their goals with determination.<ref>[https://quenza.com/blog/visualization-exercises/#:~:text=Research%20has%20shown%20that%20individuals,psychology%20to%20improve%20athletic%20performance. Harness the Power Within: With Effective Visualization Exercises]</ref><ref>[https://leaders.com/articles/personal-growth/visualization/ 8 Visualization Strategies That Make Your Goals a Reality]</ref> Visualization is also used for [[stress management]] and [[anxiety]] reduction.<ref>[https://modernrecoveryservices.com/wellness/coping/skills/cognitive/visualization/#:~:text=Goal%20achievement.%20One%20key%20benefit%20of%20visualization,increasing%20the%20likelihood%20of%20achieving%20desired%20outcomes.Visualization: Definition, Benefits, and Techniques], Modern Recovery</ref>
== How self-efficacy changes self-identity ==
''See also:'' [[Identity (psychology)]] and [[Skill]] and [[Interpersonal skills]] and [[Communication skills]] and [[Emotional intelligence]]
As far as [[Identity (psychology)|self-identity]], Adams and Marshall (1996) established that identity formation provides five functions:<ref>[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/adolescent/chapter/identity-development-theory/#:~:text=Adams%20and%20Marshall%20(1996)%20established,of%20personal%20control%20of%20their Identity Development Theory], Lumen Learning</ref>
'''1.''' A structure and order to self-knowledge. (Self-knowledge: Understanding your one's [[emotion]]s, desires, abilities, and limitations). See: [[Self-concept]] and [[Self-awareness]] and [[Self-efficacy]] and [[Skill]]
'''2.''' A sense of consistency and coherence to [[belief]]s, [[Goal setting|goal]]s, and self-knowledge
'''3.''' A sense of continuity for one’s history and future
'''4.''' Goals and direction
'''5.''' A sense of personal control of their choices and outcomes. See: [[Agency (psychology)]] and [[Will (psychology)]]
Self-efficacy significantly affects self-identity by influencing how a person perceives their capabilities and competence in various areas of life which shapes their overall self-image and determine the type and difficulty of the goals they set for themselves. This strongly influences to how they see themselves as a person. A strong sense of self-efficacy can cause a more [[positive thinking|positive]] self-identity, whereas low self-efficacy can result in a more negative self-perception.<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=How+does+self-efficacy+affect+self-identity&sca_esv=6612082edc0c7c53&sxsrf=AHTn8zoISn7jApggmeJSz14-fHfhPKC_dQ%3A1739474476715&ei=LEauZ4ixK5Os0PEPq_WyoQQ&ved=0ahUKEwiI956yr8GLAxUTFjQIHau6LEQQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=How+does+self-efficacy+affect+self-identity&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiK0hvdyBkb2VzIHNlbGYtZWZmaWNhY3kgYWZmZWN0IHNlbGYtaWRlbnRpdHkyBBAjGCcyBRAAGO8FMggQABiiBBiJBTIFEAAY7wUyBRAAGO8FMggQABiiBBiJBUjYK1CLDFilJHABeAGQAQGYAfMCoAGjGKoBCDAuMTAuMi4zuAEDyAEA-AEBmAIFoALcB8ICChAAGLADGNYEGEfCAggQABiABBiiBMICCBAhGKABGMMEmAMAiAYBkAYIkgcHMS4yLjAuMqAHm0k&sclient=gws-wiz-serp How does self-efficacy affect self-identity?]</ref>
== Core self-evaluations and self-efficacy ==
''See also:'' [[Core self-evaluations]]
[[Core self-evaluations]] (CSE) is a [[Psychology|psychological]] "theory that includes four [[personality]] dimensions: [[self-esteem]], self-efficacy, [[locus of control]]" and [[neuroticism]].<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233533/ Personality traits of core self-evaluation as predictors on clinical decision-making in nursing profession], PLoS One. 2020; 15(5): e0233435. Published online 2020 May 18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233435</ref><ref>[https://www.mindtools.com/aji792a/core-self-evaluations Core self-evaluations]</ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811005106 Validity and Reliability of Core Self-Evaluations Scale in Iranian Employees], Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) 1561–1565</ref> "Core self-evaluations are instinctive judgments that we all make about ourselves and our lives."<ref>[https://www.mindtools.com/aji792a/core-self-evaluations Core self-evaluations]</ref>
== Journal articles ==
*''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641366/ Thinking about self-efficacy]''. ''Behavior Modification''. 2000 Jan;24(1):30-56. doi: 10.1177/0145445500241002.
*''[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33892999/ The Effects of Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control on Cyberbully/Victim Status in Adolescents]''. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2021 Nov-Dec:61:e15-e21. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.004. Epub 2021 Apr 21.
== Related quotes ==
"Confidence makes one’s [[peak performance]] possible, and that’s why it’s of such great importance to anyone who has to step into an arena and deliver their best." - ''[[The Confident Mind: A Battle-Tested Guide to Unshakable Performance]]'' by Dr. Nate Zinsser. Custom House (January 25, 2022)
"When it comes to confidence, however, [[logic]] isn’t always helpful. Logic dictates that the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior, that the team or opponent that beat you last time will do it again, that the job task that has always been troublesome will continue to be so. If strict logic was indeed the answer to everything and had always been followed, the Wright brothers would have never gotten off the ground, and [[Roger Bannister]] would never have broken four minutes in the mile run. Being “logical” closes us off from [[creativity]], [[joy]], and the discovery of anything new, precisely those things that give our lives the greatest meaning." -''The Confident Mind: A Battle-Tested Guide to Unshakable Performance'' by Dr. Nate Zinsser. Custom House (January 25, 2022)
== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[Psychological capital]]
*[[Problem solving]]
*[[Self-control]]
*[[Self-control]]
*[[Habit|Habits]]
*[[Emotional intelligence]]
*[[Self-regulation]]
*[[Self-regulation]]
*[[Self-management]]
*[[Self-awareness]]
*[[Self-awareness]]
*[[Jonah complex]]
*[[Goal setting]]
*[[Grit (personality trait)]]
*[[Grit (personality trait)]]
*[[Mental toughness]]
*[[Mental toughness]]
*[[Psychological resilience]]
*[[Psychological resilience]]
*[[Self-awareness]]
*[[Self-doubt]]
*[[Achievement orientation]]
*[[Achievement orientation]]
Other related concepts:
*[[Prioritization]]
*[[Time management]]
*[[Concentration]]
*[[Organizational skills]]
*[[Communication skills]]
*[[Planning|Planning skills]]
*[[Project management]]
== External links ==
== External links ==
*[https://www.simplypsychology.org/self-efficacy.html Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory Of Motivation In Psychology], SimplePsychology.org
*[https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-efficacy-2795954 Why self-efficacy matters]
*[https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-efficacy-2795954 Why self-efficacy matters]
*[https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge/18/09/building-culture-self-efficacy Building a Culture of Self-Efficacy], Harvard Graduate School of Education
*[https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge/18/09/building-culture-self-efficacy Building a Culture of Self-Efficacy], Harvard Graduate School of Education
*[https://www.mindtools.com/ap5omwt/how-to-build-self-confidence How to Build Self-Confidence/efficacy]
*[https://www.webmd.com/balance/what-is-self-efficacy What is self-efficacy], WebMD
*[https://www.webmd.com/balance/what-is-self-efficacy What is self-efficacy], WebMD
*[https://www.betterup.com/blog/self-efficacy What is self-efficacy? Definition and 7 ways to improve it]
*[https://www.betterup.com/blog/self-efficacy What is self-efficacy? Definition and 7 ways to improve it]
*[https://ogefacultymentoring.web.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/11490/2017/01/Improving-Self-Efficacy-and-Motivation.pdf Improving Self-Efficacy and Motivation], University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
*[https://ogefacultymentoring.web.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/11490/2017/01/Improving-Self-Efficacy-and-Motivation.pdf Improving Self-Efficacy and Motivation], University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/self-efficacy-theory Self-efficacy], ScienceDirect
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/self-efficacy-theory Self-efficacy], ScienceDirect
*[https://www.forbes.com/sites/lucianapaulise/2023/05/20/boost-your-self-confidence-with-these-6-expert-tips/?sh=15eaccc52be7 Boost Your Confidence With These 6 Expert Tips], Forbes
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