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In 1919 Kamenskoye was occupied in turn by the Kuban Cossacks, General Anton Denikin of the anti-Bolshevik White army, and the Ukrainian anarchist Nestor Makhno’s Green army. In the area of Guliay-Pole an 'anarchist state' was proclaimed. Makhno fought against the Germans, against the monarchist White armies (on the side of the [[Red Army]]), and against the [[Bolshevik]]s. The flags of the 'makhnovtzy' were black with inscriptions "Anarchy is the mother of order" [Anarkhiya - mat' poriadka] and other inscriptions, or plain black or red-black.
 
In 1919 Kamenskoye was occupied in turn by the Kuban Cossacks, General Anton Denikin of the anti-Bolshevik White army, and the Ukrainian anarchist Nestor Makhno’s Green army. In the area of Guliay-Pole an 'anarchist state' was proclaimed. Makhno fought against the Germans, against the monarchist White armies (on the side of the [[Red Army]]), and against the [[Bolshevik]]s. The flags of the 'makhnovtzy' were black with inscriptions "Anarchy is the mother of order" [Anarkhiya - mat' poriadka] and other inscriptions, or plain black or red-black.
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{{Anchor|Galicia}}
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{{Anchor|Austrian Galicia}}
    
===Polish-Ukrainian war===
 
===Polish-Ukrainian war===
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[[File:Galicia.jpg|right|300px|thumb|The former '''Austrian Galicia''' depicted across a map of Poland's post-1945 borders.]]
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{{Anchor|Galicia}}
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{{clear}}
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{{Anchor|Austrian Galicia}}
      
==Bolshevik Ukraine==
 
==Bolshevik Ukraine==
    
The war in Ukraine continued for another two years; by 1921, however, most of Ukraine had been taken over by the Soviet Union, while Galicia and Volhynia were incorporated into independent Poland.
 
The war in Ukraine continued for another two years; by 1921, however, most of Ukraine had been taken over by the Soviet Union, while Galicia and Volhynia were incorporated into independent Poland.
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[[File:Galicia.jpg|right|300px|thumb|The former '''Austrian Galicia''' depicted across a map of Poland's post-1945 borders.]]
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A powerful underground Ukrainian nationalist movement rose in Poland in the 1920s and 1930s, led by the Ukrainian Military Organization and the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] (OUN). The movement attracted a militant following among students and harassed the Polish authorities. Legal Ukrainian parties, the Ukrainian Catholic Church, an active press, and a business sector also flourished in Poland. Economic conditions improved in the 1920s, but the region suffered from the Great Depression in the 1930s.  
 
A powerful underground Ukrainian nationalist movement rose in Poland in the 1920s and 1930s, led by the Ukrainian Military Organization and the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] (OUN). The movement attracted a militant following among students and harassed the Polish authorities. Legal Ukrainian parties, the Ukrainian Catholic Church, an active press, and a business sector also flourished in Poland. Economic conditions improved in the 1920s, but the region suffered from the Great Depression in the 1930s.  
  
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