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===Austerlitz, 1805===

===Austerlitz, 1805===

The [[Battle of Austerlitz]] on December 2, 1805 is celebrated as Napoleon's greatest victory. The collapse of the Peace of Amiens led Britain to assemble the "Third Coalition" in April 1805, including Austria, Russia, and Sweden. After threatening to invade Britain, Napoleon sent 200,000 soldiers marching east. He used six army corps, each a self-contained, all-arms combat force. The [[corps]] was a Napoleonic invention, and each was strong enough to operate independently, allowing the army to advance along a broad front, which facilitated [[logistics]] (each army seized supplies in its region), and increased the speed of the advance. Napoleon commanded in person in Germany; relying on the support of most of the south German states, he advanced to meet the Austrians who had invaded [[Bavaria]]. On the upper Danube he concentrated his 200,000 men, reinforced by Bernadotte, and by allied from Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden, Hesse, Nassau. After the Austrians had been defeated in several engagements, their main army was surrounded at Ulm and surrendered 30,000 men on October 17, 1805 without a fight.   

The [[Battle of Austerlitz]] on December 2, 1805 is celebrated as Napoleon's greatest victory. The collapse of the Peace of Amiens led Britain to assemble the "Third Coalition" in April 1805, including Austria, Russia, and Sweden. After threatening to invade Britain, Napoleon sent 200,000 soldiers marching east. He used six army corps, each a self-contained, all-arms combat force. The corps was a Napoleonic invention, and each was strong enough to operate independently, allowing the army to advance along a broad front, which facilitated logistics (each army seized supplies in its region), and increased the speed of the advance. Napoleon commanded in person in Germany; relying on the support of most of the south German states, he advanced to meet the Austrians who had invaded [[Bavaria]]. On the upper Danube he concentrated his 200,000 men, reinforced by Bernadotte, and by allied from Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden, Hesse, Nassau. After the Austrians had been defeated in several engagements, their main army was surrounded at Ulm and surrendered 30,000 men on October 17, 1805 without a fight.   

At the same time, "the French had captured most of Europe and intended to seize England, the final piece of the puzzle." [http://modelshipmaster.com/products/tall_ships/hms_Surprise.htm] (For a dramatic treatment of a great English-French naval encounter, see "[[Master and Commander]]".)

At the same time, "the French had captured most of Europe and intended to seize England, the final piece of the puzzle." [http://modelshipmaster.com/products/tall_ships/hms_Surprise.htm] (For a dramatic treatment of a great English-French naval encounter, see "[[Master and Commander]]".)

The British navy won a total victory under [[Horatio Nelson]] sinking the combined French and Spanish fleet at [[Trafalgar]] on October 21, 1805, permanently destroying Napoleon's sea power.  On December 2, 1805, at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]], called "the battle of the three emperors," Napoleon split the enemy center, encircled the enemy left, and won a smashing victory over the united forces of Austria and Russia.  Napoleon lost 9000 men, the enemy 26,000. Austria made peace; the Russians retreated.  

The British navy won a total victory under [[Horatio Nelson]] sinking the combined French and Spanish fleet at [[Trafalgar]] on October 21, 1805, permanently destroying Napoleon's sea power.  On December 2, 1805, at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]], called "the battle of the three emperors," Napoleon split the enemy center, encircled the enemy left, and won a smashing victory over the united forces of Austria and Russia.  Napoleon lost 9000 men, the enemy 26,000. Austria made peace; the Russians retreated.  

The Peace of Pressburg deprived Austria of territory and forced her to pay an indemnity.  Napoleon then turned his attention to Prussia, who was going to attack France but didn't mobilize in time for the fighting.  Napoleon declared war after the conclusion of the Peace of Pressburg and destroyed the Prussian army at the battle of Jena-Aurstadt.  Napoleon, remembering that Russia hadn't sued for peace after Austerlitz decided to pursue the retreating Russian army through Poland.  He enjoyed early success, pushing the Russians back and capturing Warsaw but was weakened at a bloody stalemate at Eylau.  Napoleon, determined on a "spring recovery" pushed the Russians further into Poland, delivering a crippling blow at the Battle of Friedland.  The '''Treaty of Tilsit''' between Prussia, Russia and France did little to the Russians, instead depriving Prussia of huge amounts of land while Russia only had to give up part of Poland.  Aside from that, Prussia had to pay an indemnity and had its army restricted to a certain size while Russia only had outlaw British goods from its ports.  Napoleon and the Tsar became close friends after the Treaty.

The Peace of Pressburg deprived Austria of territory and forced her to pay an indemnity.  Napoleon then turned his attention to Prussia, who was going to attack France but didn't mobilize in time for the fighting.  Napoleon declared war after the conclusion of the Peace of Pressburg and destroyed the Prussian army at the battle of Jena-Aurstadt.  Napoleon, remembering that Russia hadn't sued for peace after Austerlitz decided to pursue the retreating Russian army through Poland.  He enjoyed early success, pushing the Russians back and capturing Warsaw but was weakened at a bloody stalemate at Eylau.  Napoleon, determined on a "spring recovery" pushed the Russians further into Poland, delivering a crippling blow at the Battle of Friedland.  The '''Treaty of Tilsit''' between Prussia, Russia and France did little to the Russians, instead depriving Prussia of huge amounts of land while Russia only had to give up part of Poland.  Aside from that, Prussia had to pay an indemnity and had its army restricted to a certain size while Russia only had outlaw British goods from its ports.  Napoleon and the Tsar became close friends after the Treaty.