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Founding Fathers (view source)

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[[File:Gilbert Stuart Portrait of George Washington.jpg|thumb|Portrait of George Washington by [[Gilbert Stuart]].]]
 
[[File:Gilbert Stuart Portrait of George Washington.jpg|thumb|Portrait of George Washington by [[Gilbert Stuart]].]]
−
'''The Founding Fathers''' are the leaders who founded the [[United States]], especially the 40 dignitaries who signed the U.S. Constitution at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and the 57 signers of the Declaration of Independence. Historians consider the most important founders to include [[John Adams]], [[Samuel Adams]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[James Madison]], and [[George Washington]].  Washington is known for his leadership and honesty; Hamilton for his brilliance; John Adams for his morality; Franklin for his inventiveness; Madison for his scholarship; and Jefferson for his egalitarianism.  
+
'''The Founding Fathers''' are the leaders who founded the [[United States]], especially the 40 dignitaries who signed the U.S. Constitution at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and the 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence. Historians consider the most important founders to include [[John Adams]], [[Samuel Adams]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[James Madison]], and [[George Washington]].  Washington is known for his leadership and honesty; Hamilton for his brilliance; John Adams for his morality; Franklin for his inventiveness; Madison for his scholarship; and Jefferson for his egalitarianism.  
   −
The 55 initial participants—all of whom would be considered "Founders" in the broad sense of the term—wrote 15,000 articles, books and other materials.  A study found that the [[Bible]] comprised 34% of their direct quotations. They particularly liked quoting the [[Book of Deuteronomy]].<ref>https://juicyecumenism.com/2017/05/26/bibles-significance-american-founders/</ref>
+
The 55 initial participants—all of whom would be considered "Founders" in the broad sense of the term—wrote 15,000 articles, books and other materials.  A study found that the [[Bible]] comprised 34% of their direct quotations. They particularly liked quoting the [[Book of Deuteronomy]].
    
The last surviving member of the signers of the Declaration was [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton]], and the last surviving Founding Father was [[James Madison]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HGkXMM-CXxMC&pg=PA87 Virginia's Historic Homes and Gardens]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNWU1e9ppUC&pg=PA181 The American Presidents, Washington to Tyler]</ref>
 
The last surviving member of the signers of the Declaration was [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton]], and the last surviving Founding Father was [[James Madison]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HGkXMM-CXxMC&pg=PA87 Virginia's Historic Homes and Gardens]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MlNWU1e9ppUC&pg=PA181 The American Presidents, Washington to Tyler]</ref>
    
==Views==
 
==Views==
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The overall philosophy of the founding fathers can be summarized as "[[Americanism]]."
  −
   
===Freedom and natural law===
 
===Freedom and natural law===
 
The founding fathers were heavily influenced by [[John Locke]], who promoted the principles of [[individual freedom]] and a [[limited government]] based on [[natural law]] and [[unalienable rights]], as advocated by [[John Locke]].<ref name="USHistory.org">[http://www.ushistory.org/gov/2.asp 2. Foundations of American Government]. ''USHistory.org''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref name="CRF-USA.org">[https://www.crf-usa.org/foundations-of-our-constitution/natural-rights.html The Declaration of Independence and Natural Rights]. ''Constitutional Rights Foundation''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref> The founding fathers themselves strongly supported these principles.<ref name="BoRI">[https://billofrightsinstitute.org/founding-documents/founders-quotes/ Founders’ Quotes on Founding Principles]. ''Bill of Rights Institute''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref>Bleau, Hannah (July 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/07/04/13-patriotic-quotes-from-americas-founding-fathers/ 13 Patriotic Quotes from America’s Founding Fathers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 4, 2019.</ref> Their experience with the tyrannical British government made them distrustful of a powerful government, and their resolve to not repeat this experience is reflected in the U.S. Constitution and [[Bill of Rights]].<ref name="Best">Best, James D. [http://www.whatwouldthefoundersthink.com/the-founders-believed-in-limited-government The Founders Believed in Limited Government]. ''What Would the Founders Think''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref> For example, the Constitution goes to great lengths to mandate the [[separation of powers]], and the Bill of Rights further limits government power to protect individual rights.<ref name="Best"/><ref>Pilon, Roger (July 21, 1995). [https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/founders-intended-only-limited-powers Founders Intended Only Limited Powers]. ''CATO Institute'' (from ''USA Today''). Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref name="Federalism">[http://www.ushistory.org/gov/3a.asp 3a. The Founders and Federalism]. ''USHistory.org''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref>Beeman, Richard R. [https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/white-pages/the-constitutional-convention-of-1787-a-revolution-in-government The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Revolution in Government]. ''Constitution Center''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://www.ushistory.org/gov/2c.asp 2c. Creating the Constitution]. ''USHistory.org''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://www.ushistory.org/gov/2d.asp 2d. The Bill of Rights]. ''USHistory.org''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref> The founders also emphasized the importance of property rights.<ref name="BoRI"/><ref>Snowball, Timothy (July 11, 2019). [https://pacificlegal.org/the-founding-fathers-of-our-limited-government-george-washington-and-the-importance-of-property-rights/ The Founding Fathers of our limited government: George Washington and the importance of property rights]. ''Pacific Legal Foundation''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref> Many of the founding fathers warned Americans to stay vigilant against trends that erode individual freedom, including the growth of bureaucracy, violation of the separation of powers, and judicial supremacy.<ref>[https://nccs.net/blogs/articles/strong-warnings-from-the-founders Strong Warnings from the Founders]. ''National Center for Constitutional Studies''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref>
 
The founding fathers were heavily influenced by [[John Locke]], who promoted the principles of [[individual freedom]] and a [[limited government]] based on [[natural law]] and [[unalienable rights]], as advocated by [[John Locke]].<ref name="USHistory.org">[http://www.ushistory.org/gov/2.asp 2. Foundations of American Government]. ''USHistory.org''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref name="CRF-USA.org">[https://www.crf-usa.org/foundations-of-our-constitution/natural-rights.html The Declaration of Independence and Natural Rights]. ''Constitutional Rights Foundation''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref> The founding fathers themselves strongly supported these principles.<ref name="BoRI">[https://billofrightsinstitute.org/founding-documents/founders-quotes/ Founders’ Quotes on Founding Principles]. ''Bill of Rights Institute''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref>Bleau, Hannah (July 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/07/04/13-patriotic-quotes-from-americas-founding-fathers/ 13 Patriotic Quotes from America’s Founding Fathers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 4, 2019.</ref> Their experience with the tyrannical British government made them distrustful of a powerful government, and their resolve to not repeat this experience is reflected in the U.S. Constitution and [[Bill of Rights]].<ref name="Best">Best, James D. [http://www.whatwouldthefoundersthink.com/the-founders-believed-in-limited-government The Founders Believed in Limited Government]. ''What Would the Founders Think''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref> For example, the Constitution goes to great lengths to mandate the [[separation of powers]], and the Bill of Rights further limits government power to protect individual rights.<ref name="Best"/><ref>Pilon, Roger (July 21, 1995). [https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/founders-intended-only-limited-powers Founders Intended Only Limited Powers]. ''CATO Institute'' (from ''USA Today''). Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref name="Federalism">[http://www.ushistory.org/gov/3a.asp 3a. The Founders and Federalism]. ''USHistory.org''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref>Beeman, Richard R. [https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/white-pages/the-constitutional-convention-of-1787-a-revolution-in-government The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Revolution in Government]. ''Constitution Center''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://www.ushistory.org/gov/2c.asp 2c. Creating the Constitution]. ''USHistory.org''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://www.ushistory.org/gov/2d.asp 2d. The Bill of Rights]. ''USHistory.org''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref> The founders also emphasized the importance of property rights.<ref name="BoRI"/><ref>Snowball, Timothy (July 11, 2019). [https://pacificlegal.org/the-founding-fathers-of-our-limited-government-george-washington-and-the-importance-of-property-rights/ The Founding Fathers of our limited government: George Washington and the importance of property rights]. ''Pacific Legal Foundation''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref> Many of the founding fathers warned Americans to stay vigilant against trends that erode individual freedom, including the growth of bureaucracy, violation of the separation of powers, and judicial supremacy.<ref>[https://nccs.net/blogs/articles/strong-warnings-from-the-founders Strong Warnings from the Founders]. ''National Center for Constitutional Studies''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.</ref>
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===Republicanism===
 
===Republicanism===
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[[File:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States.jpg|thumb|300px|Signing of the United States Constitution, by Howard Chandler Christy in 1940]]
   
The Founding Fathers sought "Honor"—freedom from corruption, and a positive devotion to civic virtue.  These were key elements of [[Republicanism]], and the Founding Fathers made republicanism the core values of the American system of government.  
 
The Founding Fathers sought "Honor"—freedom from corruption, and a positive devotion to civic virtue.  These were key elements of [[Republicanism]], and the Founding Fathers made republicanism the core values of the American system of government.  
   Line 39: Line 36:     
The founding fathers considered to be "theistic rationalists" did believe God was active in earthly affairs and that religion was essentially important to society because it brought [[morality]].<ref name="Frazer"/> However, they believed this to be true for all religions, rather than just Christianity.<ref name="Frazer"/> They opposed the establishment of an official religion but supported religion in public life.<ref name="Frazer"/>
 
The founding fathers considered to be "theistic rationalists" did believe God was active in earthly affairs and that religion was essentially important to society because it brought [[morality]].<ref name="Frazer"/> However, they believed this to be true for all religions, rather than just Christianity.<ref name="Frazer"/> They opposed the establishment of an official religion but supported religion in public life.<ref name="Frazer"/>
−
  −
In a Judiciary Committee report published by the House of Representatives in 1854 titled "''Chaplains in Congress and in the Army and Navy''" it was noted that:
  −
:In this age, there can be no substitute for Christianity; that, in its general principles, is the great conservative element on which we must rely for the purity and permanence of free institutions. That was the religion of the founders of the republic, and they expected it to remain the religion of their descendants.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Reports_of_Committees/zaoFAAAAQAAJ Reports of Committees - 16th Congress, 1st Session - 49th Congress, 1st Session], 1854, H. Rep. 124, 33rd Congress, 1st Session</ref>
      
== Signatories of the [[Declaration of Independence]] ==
 
== Signatories of the [[Declaration of Independence]] ==
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{|
 
{|
 
| valign="top" |  
 
| valign="top" |  
−
*1.[[John Adams]]
+
*[[John Adams]]
−
 
+
*[[Samuel Adams]]
−
2.[[Samuel Adams]]  
+
*[[Josiah Bartlett]]
−
 
+
*[[Carter Braxton]]
−
 
+
*[[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]]  
−
3.[[Josiah Bartlett]]
+
*[[Samuel Chase]]
−
 
+
*[[Abraham Clark]]
−
 
+
*[[George Clymer]]
−
4.[[Carter Braxton]]
+
*[[William Ellery]]  
−
*
+
*[[William Floyd]]
−
 
+
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
−
5.[[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]]  
+
*[[Elbridge Gerry]]
−
 
+
*[[Button Gwinnett]]
−
 
+
*[[Lyman Hall]]
−
6.[[Samuel Chase]]
+
*[[John Hancock]]
−
 
+
*[[Benjamin Harrison V|Benjamin Harrison]]
−
 
+
*[[John Hart]]
−
7.[[Abraham Clark]]
+
*[[Joseph Hewes]]
−
 
+
*[[Thomas Heyward]]
−
 
+
| valign="top" |
−
8.[[George Clymer]]
+
*[[William Hooper]]
−
*
+
*[[Stephen Hopkins]]
−
 
+
*[[Francis Hopkinson]]
−
9.[[William Ellery]]  
+
*[[Samuel Huntington (signer)|Samuel Huntington]]
−
*      
+
*[[Thomas Jefferson]]
−
 
+
*[[Francis Lightfoot Lee]]
−
10.[[William Floyd]]
+
*[[Richard Henry Lee]]
−
*      
+
*[[Francis Lewis]]
−
 
+
*[[Philip Livingston]]
−
11.[[Benjamin Franklin]]
+
*[[Thomas Lynch, Jr.]]
−
*      
+
*[[Thomas McKean]]  
−
 
+
*[[Arthur Middleton]]  
−
12.[[Elbridge Gerry]]
+
*[[Lewis Morris]]  
−
*      
+
*[[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]]
−
 
+
*[[John Morton]]
−
13.[[Button Gwinnett]]
+
*[[Thomas Nelson, Jr.]]
−
*      
+
*[[William Paca]]
−
 
+
*[[John Penn]]
−
14.[[Lyman Hall]]
+
| valign="top" |
−
*      
+
*[[Robert Treat Paine]]
−
 
+
*[[George Read]]
−
15.[[John Hancock]]
+
*[[Caesar Rodney]]
−
*      
+
*[[George Ross]]  
−
 
+
*[[Benjamin Rush]]
−
16.[[Benjamin Harrison V|Benjamin Harrison]]
+
*[[Edward Rutledge]]
−
*      
+
*[[Roger Sherman]]
−
 
+
*[[James Smith (signer)|James Smith]]
−
17.[[John Hart]]
+
*[[Richard Stockton]]
−
*      
+
*[[Thomas Stone]]
−
 
+
*[[George Taylor]]
−
18.[[Joseph Hewes]]
+
*[[Matthew Thornton]]
−
*      
+
*[[George Walton]]
−
 
+
*[[William Whipple]]
−
19.[[Thomas Heyward]]
+
*[[William Williams]]
−
*        
+
*[[James Wilson]]
−
 
+
*[[John Witherspoon]]
−
20.[[William Hooper]]
+
*[[Oliver Wolcott]]  
−
*        
+
*[[George Wythe]]
−
 
  −
21.[[Stephen Hopkins]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
22.[[Francis Hopkinson]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
23.[[Samuel Huntington (signer)|Samuel Huntington]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
24.[[Thomas Jefferson]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
25.[[Francis Lightfoot Lee]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
26.[[Richard Henry Lee]]
  −
*        
  −
27.[[Francis Lewis]]  
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
28.[[Philip Livingston]]  
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
29.[[Thomas Lynch, Jr.]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
30.[[Thomas McKean]]  
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
31.[[Arthur Middleton]]  
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
32.[[Lewis Morris]]  
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
34.[[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
35.[[John Morton]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
36.[[Thomas Nelson, Jr.]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
37.[[William Paca]]
  −
*      
  −
 
  −
38.[[John Penn]]
  −
*        
  −
 
  −
39.[[Robert Treat Paine]]
  −
*          
  −
40.[[George Read]]
  −
*          
  −
 
  −
41.[[Caesar Rodney]]
  −
*          
  −
 
  −
42.[[George Ross]]  
  −
*          
  −
43.[[Benjamin Rush]]
  −
*          
  −
44.[[Edward Rutledge]]
  −
*          
  −
45.[[Roger Sherman]]
  −
*        
  −
46.[[James Smith (signer)|James Smith]]
  −
*          
  −
47.[[Richard Stockton]]
  −
*              
  −
48.[[Thomas Stone]]
  −
*              
  −
49.[[George Taylor]]
  −
*              
  −
50.[[Matthew Thornton]]
  −
*              
  −
51.[[George Walton]]
  −
*            
  −
52.[[William Whipple]]
  −
*              
  −
53.[[William Williams]]
  −
*          
  −
54.[[James Wilson]]
  −
*            
  −
55.[[John Witherspoon]]
  −
*              
  −
56.[[Oliver Wolcott]]  
  −
*                      
  −
57.[[George Wythe]]    
  −
 
   
|}
 
|}
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{|
 
{|
 
| valign="top" |  
 
| valign="top" |  
 +
*[[Andrew Adams]]
 
*[[Samuel Adams]]
 
*[[Samuel Adams]]
−
 
+
*[[Thomas Adams]]
 +
*[[John Banister]]
 
*[[Josiah Bartlett]]
 
*[[Josiah Bartlett]]
−
   
*[[Daniel Carroll]]
 
*[[Daniel Carroll]]
−
  −
*[[William Ellery]]
  −
  −
*[[John Dickinson]]
  −
  −
*[[Elbridge Gerry]]
  −
  −
*[[John Hancock]]
  −
  −
*[[Samuel Huntington]]
  −
  −
*[[Thomas Heyward Jr.]]
  −
  −
*[[Thomas Adams]]
  −
  −
  −
*[[John Banister]]
  −
  −
   
*[[William Clingan]]
 
*[[William Clingan]]
−
  −
   
*[[John Collins]]
 
*[[John Collins]]
−
  −
   
*[[Francis Dana]]
 
*[[Francis Dana]]
−
 
+
*[[John Dickinson]]
−
 
   
*[[William Henry Drayton]]
 
*[[William Henry Drayton]]
−
  −
   
*[[James Duane]]
 
*[[James Duane]]
−
  −
   
*[[William Duer]]
 
*[[William Duer]]
−
 
+
*[[William Ellery]]
−
 
+
*[[Elbridge Gerry]]
−
 
+
*[[John Hancock]]
 
*[[John Hanson]]
 
*[[John Hanson]]
−
  −
   
*[[Cornelius Harnett]]
 
*[[Cornelius Harnett]]
−
  −
   
*[[John Harvie]]
 
*[[John Harvie]]
−
 
+
*[[Thomas Heyward Jr.]]
−
 
   
*[[Samuel Holten]]
 
*[[Samuel Holten]]
−
  −
   
*[[Titus Hosmer]]
 
*[[Titus Hosmer]]
−
 
+
*[[Samuel Huntington]]
−
 
   
*[[Richard Hutson]]
 
*[[Richard Hutson]]
 
| valign="top" |
 
| valign="top" |
−
  −
   
*[[Edward Langworthy]]
 
*[[Edward Langworthy]]
−
  −
   
*[[Henry Laurens]]
 
*[[Henry Laurens]]
−
  −
   
*[[Francis Lightfoot Lee]]
 
*[[Francis Lightfoot Lee]]
−
  −
   
*[[Richard Henry Lee]]
 
*[[Richard Henry Lee]]
−
  −
   
*[[Francis Lewis]]
 
*[[Francis Lewis]]
−
  −
   
*[[James Lovell]]
 
*[[James Lovell]]
−
  −
   
*[[Henry Marchant]]
 
*[[Henry Marchant]]
−
  −
   
*[[John Mathews]]
 
*[[John Mathews]]
−
  −
   
*[[Thomas McKean]]
 
*[[Thomas McKean]]
−
  −
   
*[[Gouverneur Morris]]
 
*[[Gouverneur Morris]]
−
  −
   
*[[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]]
 
*[[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]]
−
  −
   
*[[John Penn]]
 
*[[John Penn]]
−
  −
   
*[[Joseph Reed]]
 
*[[Joseph Reed]]
−
  −
   
*[[Daniel Roberdeau]]
 
*[[Daniel Roberdeau]]
−
  −
   
*[[Nathaniel Scudder]]
 
*[[Nathaniel Scudder]]
−
  −
   
*[[Roger Sherman]]
 
*[[Roger Sherman]]
−
  −
   
*[[Jonathan Bayard Smith]]
 
*[[Jonathan Bayard Smith]]
−
  −
  −
   
*[[Edward Telfair]]
 
*[[Edward Telfair]]
−
  −
   
*[[Nicholas Van Dyke]]
 
*[[Nicholas Van Dyke]]
−
  −
  −
   
*[[John Walton]]
 
*[[John Walton]]
−
  −
  −
   
*[[John Wentworth Jr.]]
 
*[[John Wentworth Jr.]]
−
  −
  −
   
*[[John Williams]]
 
*[[John Williams]]
−
  −
  −
   
*[[John Witherspoon]]
 
*[[John Witherspoon]]
 +
*[[Oliver Wolcott]]
 +
|}
   −
 
+
== Signatories of the [[United States Constitution]] ==
−
 
+
[[File:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States.jpg|thumb|300px|Signing of the United States Constitution, by Howard Chandler Christy in 1940]]
−
*[[Oliver Wolcott]]
+
{|
 +
| valign="top" |
 +
*[[Abraham Baldwin]] 
 +
*[[Richard Bassett]]
 +
*[[Gunning Bedford, Jr.]]
 +
*[[John Blair]]
 +
*[[William Blount]]
 +
*[[David Brearly]]
 +
*[[Jacob Broom]]
 +
*[[Pierce Butler (Founding Father)|Pierce Butler]]
 +
*[[Daniel Carroll]]
 +
*[[George Clymer]]
 +
*[[Jonathan Dayton]]
 +
*[[John Dickinson]]
 +
*[[William Few]]
 +
*[[Thomas Fitzsimons]]
 +
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
 +
*[[Nicholas Gilman]]
 +
*[[Nathaniel Gorham]]
 +
*[[Alexander Hamilton]]
 +
*[[Jared Ingersoll]]
 +
| valign="top" |
 +
*[[Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer]]
 +
*[[William Samuel Johnson]]
 +
*[[Rufus King]]
 +
*[[John Langdon]]
 +
*[[William Livingston]]
 +
*[[James Madison]]
 +
*[[James McHenry]]
 +
*[[Thomas Mifflin]]
 +
*[[Gouverneur Morris]]                   
 +
*[[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]]
 +
*[[William Paterson (jurist)|William Paterson]]
 +
*[[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]]
 +
*[[Governor Charles Pinckney|Charles Pinckney]]
 +
*[[George Read (signer)|George Read]]
 +
*[[John Rutledge]]
 +
*[[Roger Sherman]]
 +
*[[Richard Dobbs Spaight]]
 +
*[[George Washington]] (president of the Convention)
 +
*[[Hugh Williamson]]
 +
*[[James Wilson]]
 +
*[[William Jackson (secretary)|William Jackson]] (Secretary)
 
|}
 
|}
   Line 350: Line 211:  
*[[Thomas Paine]]
 
*[[Thomas Paine]]
 
|}
 
|}
−
  −
  −
==religious list of the singers of the us founding fathers from the articles of confederation the constitution and the declaration of indepence
  −
A Table of the Religious Affiliations
  −
                              of American Founders
  −
  −
  −
Signer                      State      Doc.    Office          Affiliation (Ref.)
  −
  −
Adams, Andrew              CT          A                      CO(l)
  −
Adams, John                MA          D      President      CO(b)UN(a)
  −
Adams, Samuel              MA          D/A                    CO(b)
  −
Adams, Thomas              VA          A
  −
Banister, John              VA          A
  −
Baldwin, Abraham            GA          C                      CO(j,k)PR(n)
  −
Bartlett, Josiah            NH          D/A                    CO(b)
  −
Bassett, Richard            DE          C                      ME(g,j,m,n)
  −
Bedford, Gunning, Jun.      DE          C                      PR(j,m)
  −
Blair, John                VA          C      Justice        PR(a)EP(n)
  −
Blount, William            NC          C                      EP(n)PR(f,j)
  −
Braxton, Carter            VA          D
  −
Brearly, David              NJ          C EP(n)
  −
Broom, Jacob                DE          C                      QU(n)EP(m)
  −
Butler, Pierce              SC          C                      EP(j,m)
  −
Carroll, Charles            MD          D                      RC(d)
  −
Carroll, Daniel            MD          A/C                    RC(d,j,n)
  −
Chase, Samuel              MD          D      Justice        EP(a)
  −
Clark, Abraham              NJ          D                      PR(c,e)
  −
Clingan, William            PA          A
  −
Collins, John              RI          A      Governor
  −
Clymer, George              PA          D/C                    QU(j,n),EP(j)
  −
Dana, Francis              MA          A
  −
Dayton, Jonothan            NJ          C                      PR(n)EP(j)
  −
Dickenson, John            DE          A/C                    QU(j,m,n)EP(j)
  −
Drayton, William Henry      SC          A
  −
Duane, James                NY          A                      EP(l)
  −
Duer, William              NY          A
  −
Ellery, William            RI(A)MA(D)  D/A                    CO(b)
  −
Few, William                GA          C                      ME(j,k,n)
  −
Fitzsimons, Thomas          PA          C                      RC(j,n)
  −
(variant spellings: Fitzsimmons, Fitz-Simons)
  −
Floyd, William              NY          D                      PR(c,e)
  −
Franklin, Benjamin          PA          D/C                    EP(n)DE(j)
  −
Gerry, Elbridge            MA          D/A                    EP(j)
  −
Gilman, Nicholas            NH          C                      CO(j,n)
  −
Gorham, Nathaniel          MA          C                      CO(j,n)
  −
Gwynnett, Button            SC          D                      EP(k,o)
  −
Hall, Lyman                SC          D                      CO(b,k)
  −
Hamilton, Alexander        NY          C                      EP(j,n)
  −
Hancock, John              MA          A/D                    CO(b)
  −
Hanson, John                MD          A
  −
Harnett, Cornelious        NC          A                      EP(f)DE(f)
  −
Harrison, Benjamin          VA          D      Governor
  −
Hart, John                  NJ          D                      PR(c)
  −
Harvie, John                VA          A
  −
Hewes, Joseph              NC          D                      EP?(f)
  −
Heyward, Thomas            SC          A
  −
Heyward, Thomas, Jr.        SC          D
  −
Holton, Samuel              MA          A
  −
Hooper, William            NC          D                      EP(f)
  −
Hopkins, Stephen            RI          D
  −
Hopkinson, Francis          NJ          D                      Ep(l)
  −
Hosmer, Titus              CT          D
  −
Huntington, Samuel          CT          D/A                    CO(b)
  −
Hutson, Richard            SC          A                      PR(l)
  −
Ingersoll, Jared            PA          C                      PR(j,n)
  −
Jefferson, Thomas          VA          D      President      DE(a)
  −
Jennifer, Dan oF St. Thomas MD          C                      EP(j,n)
  −
Johnson, Wm. Saml.          CT          C      Justice        PR(a)EP(j,n)
  −
King, Rufas                MA          C                      EP(j)CO(n)
  −
Langdon, John              NH          C                      CO(j,n)
  −
Langworthy, Edward          GA          A                      EP(o)
  −
Laurens, Henry              SC          A                      HU(l)
  −
Lee, Henry Lightfoot        VA          D/A
  −
Lee, Richard Henry          VA          D/A    Senator
  −
Lewis, Francis              NY          D/A
  −
Livingston, Phil.          NY          D                      P(c)
  −
Livingston, Wil.            NJ          C                      PR(j,n)
  −
Lovell, James              MA          A
  −
Lynch, Thomas Junr.        SC          D
  −
Madison, James Jr.          VA          C      President      EP(a,j,n)TH(i)
  −
Marchant, Henry            RI          A
  −
Mathews, John              SC          A
  −
McHenry, James              MD          C                      PR(j,n)
  −
Middleton, Arthur          SC          D
  −
Miflin, Thomas              PA          C                      QU(n)LU(j)
  −
M'Kean, Thomas              DE          D/A                    PR(m)
  −
Morris, Gouv.              NY(A)PA(C)  A/C                    EP(j)DE(i,n)
  −
Morris, Lewis              NY          D
  −
Morris, Robert              PA          D/A/C                  EP(j,n)
  −
Morton, John                PA          D
  −
Nelson, Thomas Jr.          VA          D
  −
Paca, William              MD          D
  −
Paine, Robert Treat        MA          D                      CO(b)
  −
Paterson, William          NJ          C      Justice        PT(a)PR(j,n)
  −
Penn, John                  NC          D/A                    UK(f)
  −
Pinckney, Charles          SC          C                      EP(j,n)
  −
Pinckney, Chas. Cotesworth  SC          C                      EP(j,n)
  −
Read, George                DE          D/C                    EP(j,m,n)
  −
Reed, Joseph                PA          A
  −
Roberdeau, Daniel          PA          A
  −
Rodney, Caesar              DE          D                      EP(m)
  −
Ross, George                PA          D
  −
Rush, Benjamin              PA          D                      PR(c,e)UN
  −
Rutledge, Edward            SC          D      Justice        CE(a)
  −
Rutledge, J.                SC          C                      EP(j,n)
  −
Scudder, Nathaniel          NJ          A
  −
Sherman, Roger              CT          D/A/C                  CO(b,j,n)
  −
Smith, James                PA          D                      PR(c,e)
  −
Smith, Jona. Bayard        PA          A
  −
Spaight, Richard Dobbs      NC          C                      EP(f,j,n)
  −
Stockton, Richard          NJ          D                      PR(c,e)
  −
Stone, Thomas              MD          D
  −
Taylor, George              PA          D                      PR(c,e)
  −
Telfair, Edward            GA          A
  −
Thornton, Matthew          NH          D                      PR(c,e)
  −
Van Dyke, Nicholas          DE          A                      EP(m)
  −
Walton, George              GA          D                      AN(o)
  −
Walton, Jno.                GA          A
  −
Washington, George          VA          C      President      EP(a,j,n)TH(i)
  −
Wentworth, John Junr.      NH          A
  −
Whipple, William            NH          D                      CO(b)
  −
Williams, Jonothan          NC          A                      UK(f)
  −
Williams, William          CT          D                      CO(b)
  −
Williamson, Hu              NC          C                      PR(f,n)DE(j)
  −
Wilson, James              PA          D/C    Ch. Justice*    EP(a)PR(e,n)DE(j)
  −
Witherspoon, Jonothan      NJ          D/A    Minister        PR(c)(e)
  −
Wolcott, Oliver            CT          D/A                    CO(b)
  −
Wythe, George              VA          D                      EP(j)
  −
  −
      
==Further reading==
 
==Further reading==
Line 506: Line 236:  
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=iKrsV46o00AC Anti-slavery in America from the Introduction of African Slaves to the Prohibition of the Slave Trade (1619-1808)], by Mary Stoughton Locke, 1901
 
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=iKrsV46o00AC Anti-slavery in America from the Introduction of African Slaves to the Prohibition of the Slave Trade (1619-1808)], by Mary Stoughton Locke, 1901
 
* [https://librivox.org/author/4127 Works by the Founding Fathers of the United States  - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]
 
* [https://librivox.org/author/4127 Works by the Founding Fathers of the United States  - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]
−
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35742/35742-h/35742-h.htm AMERICAN LEADERS AND HEROES], A PRELIMINARY TEXT-BOOK IN UNITED STATES HISTORY BY WILBUR F. GORDY, [[Project Gutenberg]]
      
== Founding Fathers Quotes ==
 
== Founding Fathers Quotes ==
Line 513: Line 242:  
* [http://www.eadshome.com/QuotesoftheFounders.htm Eads Home Ministries: Founding Fathers Quotes]
 
* [http://www.eadshome.com/QuotesoftheFounders.htm Eads Home Ministries: Founding Fathers Quotes]
   −
==religious affilaitons==
  −
https://candst.tripod.com/tnppage/qtable.htm
   
{{Conservatism}}
 
{{Conservatism}}
−
{{Greatest Thinkers}}{{Nationalism}}
+
{{Nationalism}}
−
{{Constitutional Convention}}
+
{{Greatest Thinkers}}
 +
 
 
[[Category:Founding Fathers]]
 
[[Category:Founding Fathers]]
 
[[Category:Republicanism]]
 
[[Category:Republicanism]]
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