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[[File:Vaticanus.jpg|thumb|right|A page from Codex Vaticanus]]

[[File:Vaticanus.jpg|thumb|right|A page from Codex Vaticanus]]

'''Codex Vaticanus''' (Codex B) is a [[Greek]] manuscript of the [[Bible]] the earliest out of those still in existence today. It was created in the first half of the fourth century (early AD 300s), and may have been produced in Egypt. It first appears in the catalog of the Vatican Library in Rome in 1475. The codex is written in [[great uncial codices|uncial]] text on 759 leaves of vellum. Vaticanus is the single most influential Biblical manuscript. The complete text was published in 1857 and a facsimile was published in 1889–90.<ref>"Bible (texts)," ''New Catholic Encyclopedia'' (2003)</ref>

'''Codex Vaticanus''' (Codex B) is a [[Greek]] manuscript of the [[Bible]] the earliest out of those still in existence today. It was created in the first half of the fourth century (early AD 300s), and may have been produced in Egypt. It first appears in the catalog of the Vatican Library in Rome in 1475. The codex is written in [[great uncial codices|uncial]] text on 759 leaves of vellum. Vaticanus is the single most influential Biblical manuscript.{{citation needed}} The complete text was published in 1857 and a facsimile was published in 1889–90.<ref>"Bible (texts)," ''New Catholic Encyclopedia'' (2003)</ref>

In 1881, Cambridge scholars B. F Westcott and F. J. A. Hort, two prominent antibiblical occultists,<ref>Bruggeman, James. [http://pdf.amazingdiscoveries.org/References/TO/213/TO213_S131-The_Political_and_Occult_Connections_of_Westcott_and_Hort.pdf The Political & Occult Connections of Westcott & Hort Fathers of Modern Bible Versions Were Also Among Fathers of the New Age Movement Also Linked to the Powerful Family Behind the British Monarchy]. ''Amazing Discoveries''. Retrieved June 10, 2023.</ref> used Vaticanus as a basis for a Greek text of the New Testament, now called the Westcott–Hort or Alexandrian text. Some parts of Vaticanus are missing or damaged. Hebrews ends at 9:14 and the Pastorals, Philemon, and Revelation are missing. Westcott and Hort used [[Codex Sinaiticus]], an uncial manuscript nearly as old as Vaticanus, to fill in these gaps. Revelation was taken from [[Codex Alexandrinus]], a fifth century uncial. In more recent times, the Biblical quotations used by the church fathers have been cataloged and papyrus scrolls of various New Testament books have been found. Both of these sources are older than the uncial manuscripts. Yet they tend to confirm the validity of the Westcott–Hort text.{{fact}}

In 1881, Cambridge scholars B. F Westcott and F. J. A. Hort, two prominent antibiblical occultists,<ref>Bruggeman, James. [http://pdf.amazingdiscoveries.org/References/TO/213/TO213_S131-The_Political_and_Occult_Connections_of_Westcott_and_Hort.pdf The Political & Occult Connections of Westcott & Hort Fathers of Modern Bible Versions Were Also Among Fathers of the New Age Movement Also Linked to the Powerful Family Behind the British Monarchy]. ''Amazing Discoveries''. Retrieved June 10, 2023.</ref> used Vaticanus as a basis for a Greek text of the New Testament, now called the Westcott–Hort or Alexandrian text. Some parts of Vaticanus are missing or damaged. Hebrews ends at 9:14 and the Pastorals, Philemon, and Revelation are missing. Westcott and Hort used [[Codex Sinaiticus]], an uncial manuscript nearly as old as Vaticanus, to fill in these gaps. Revelation was taken from [[Codex Alexandrinus]], a fifth century uncial. In more recent times, the Biblical quotations used by the church fathers have been cataloged and papyrus scrolls of various New Testament books have been found. Both of these sources are older than the uncial manuscripts. Yet they tend to confirm the validity of the Westcott–Hort text.{{fact}}

==Verses not found in Vaticanus==

==Verses not found in Vaticanus==

Omitted, and speculated by some as not authentic, are about 30 short passages or verses included in the [[KJV]] before the discovery of the Codex Vaticanus and other early manuscripts, including the following:

Omitted, and speculated by some as not authentic, are about 30 short passages or verses included in the [[KJV]] before the discovery of the Codex Vaticanus and other early manuscripts, including the following:

*{{bibleref|Matthew|12|47|version=KJV}} (a repetitive verse in the [[KJV]]; omitted from the precise, more recent [[ESV]])

*{{bibleref|Matthew|12|47|version=KJV}} (a repetitive verse in the [[KJV]]; omitted from the [[ESV]])

*{{bibleref|Matthew|16|2b–3}} ([[ESV]] denotes with a footnote as sometimes omitted)

*{{bibleref|Matthew|16|2b–3}} ([[ESV]] denotes with a footnote as sometimes omitted)

*{{bibleref|Matthew|17|21|version=KJV}} (an awkward phrase in the [[KJV]]; omitted from the precise, more recent [[ESV]])

*{{bibleref|Matthew|17|21|version=KJV}} (an awkward phrase in the [[KJV]]; omitted from the [[ESV]])

*{{bibleref|Matthew|18|11|version=KJV}} - "For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost." (KJV) (doubtful theologically also)

*{{bibleref|Matthew|18|11|version=KJV}} - "For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost." (KJV)

*{{bibleref|Matthew|23|14|version=KJV}} - omitted by multiple modern translations; inserted in brackets in others.

*{{bibleref|Matthew|23|14|version=KJV}} - omitted by multiple modern translations; inserted in brackets in others.

*{{bibleref|Mark|7:16|version=KJV}} - an odd, unworthy phrase: "If any man have ears to hear, let him hear."

*{{bibleref|Mark|7:16|version=KJV}} - an odd phrase: "If any man have ears to hear, let him hear."

*{{bibleref|Mark|9:44|version=KJV}} - overly repetitious phrase

*{{bibleref|Mark|9:44|version=KJV}} - repetitious phrase

*{{bibleref|Mark|9:46|version=KJV}} - copy of 9:44, plainly should be omitted

*{{bibleref|Mark|9:46|version=KJV}} - copy of 9:44

*{{bibleref|Mark|11:26|version=KJV}} - "But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in heaven forgive your trespasses." (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Mark|11:26|version=KJV}} - "But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in heaven forgive your trespasses." (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Mark|15:28|version=KJV}} - "And the scripture was fulfilled ...." - fulfilling scripture was not a focus of [[Mark]] (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Mark|15:28|version=KJV}} - "And the scripture was fulfilled ...." (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Mark|16:9–20}}

*{{bibleref|Mark|16:9–20}}

*{{bibleref|Luke|17:36|version=KJV}} - "Two men shall be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other left." (repetitive, and omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Luke|17:36|version=KJV}} - "Two men shall be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other left." (repetitive, omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Luke|22:43–44|version=KJV}} - (included by ESV with a note about its absence from early manuscripts) "43 And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him. 44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground." - seems biologically questionable too

*{{bibleref|Luke|22:43–44|version=KJV}} - (included by ESV with a note about its absence from early manuscripts) "43 And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him. 44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground."

*{{bibleref|Luke|23|34|version=KJV}} - "Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do." - but they did know the evil they were doing, and they did not ask for forgiveness.

*{{bibleref|Luke|23|34|version=KJV}} - "Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do." - but it is likely they knew what they were doing, and did not ask for forgiveness.

*{{bibleref|John|5:4|version=KJV}} - "For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water: whosoever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in was made whole of whatsoever disease he had." - such regular visits by angels, acting not as messengers, is unheard of (ESV omits)

*{{bibleref|John|5:4|version=KJV}} - "For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water: whosoever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in was made whole of whatsoever disease he had." - such regular visits by angels, acting not as messengers, is uncommon (ESV omits)

*{{bibleref|John|7:53-8:12}} ([[Essay:Adulteress Story|Adulteress Story]] - [[ESV]] states "The earliest manuscripts do not include 7:53–8:11")

*{{bibleref|John|7:53-8:12}} ([[Essay:Adulteress Story|Adulteress Story]] - [[ESV]] states "The earliest manuscripts do not include 7:53–8:11")

*{{bibleref|Acts|8:37|version=KJV}} - "And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God." (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Acts|8:37|version=KJV}} - "And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God." (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Acts|15:34|version=KJV}} - "Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still." (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Acts|15:34|version=KJV}} - "Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still." (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Acts|24:7|version=KJV}} - "But the chief captain Lysias came upon us, and with great violence took him away out of our hands" (a confusing verse that seems likely in error, and omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Acts|24:7|version=KJV}} - "But the chief captain Lysias came upon us, and with great violence took him away out of our hands" (a confusing verse that seems likely in error, omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Acts|28:29|version=KJV}} - "And when he had said these words, the Jews departed, and had great reasoning among themselves." (verse ends oddly, and is entirely omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Acts|28:29|version=KJV}} - "And when he had said these words, the Jews departed, and had great reasoning among themselves." (verse ends oddly, omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Romans|16:24|version=KJV}} - "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen." - a premature ending obviously in error (omitted by ESV)

*{{bibleref|Romans|16:24|version=KJV}} - "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen." - a possible premature ending (omitted by ESV)

==See also==

==See also==