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Line 5: − In 1917, Shatara and (Syrian born) Habib Ibrahim Katibeh (1892 - 1951) [كاتبة، حبيب ابراهيم] [Katibah] founded the ''Palestine Antizionism Society''. It was among the organizers of an anti-Zionist rally on November 8, 1918 in Brooklyn, NY.<ref name=dr>Untitled,” New York Times, November 9, 1917; cited in Davidson, “Debating Palestine,” 230; see also Knee, “The King-Crane Commission of 1919,” 204. − Citation from: "The Arab League’s Propaganda Campaign in the U.S. Against the Establishment of a Jewish State - 1944-1947." Rickenbacher Daniel. Israel Studies. Volume 25, Issue 1. Spring 2020. [https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/153223/1/153223.pdf]</ref>+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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[[File:Fuad Shatara in 1924.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Fuad Shatara in 1924]]
[[File:Fuad Shatara in 1924.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Fuad Shatara in 1924]]
Palestine as part of Syria.
Shatara was slso an executive member of ''NSNL'', New Syria National League (Jamʿiyyat Suriya al-Jadida al-Wataniyya). Established in New York City and Boston in 1918.<ref>Fahrenthold, S. D. (2019). Between the Ottomans and the Entente: The First World War in the Syrian and Lebanese Diaspora, 1908-1925. United States: Oxford University Press. (Abbreviations, Dramatis Personae, and Key Terms).<blockquote><small></small>NSNL New Syria National League (Jamʿiyyat Suriya al-Jadida al-Wataniyya). Established in New York City and Boston in 1918. Chairman Jurj Ilyas Khayrallah. Executive members included Najeeb Saleeby, Faris Malouf, Fuad
In 1917, Shatara and (Syrian born) Habib Ibrahim Katibeh (1892 - 1951) [كاتبة، حبيب ابراهيم] [Katibah] founded the ''Palestine Antizionism Society''. It was among the organizers of an anti-Zionist rally on November 8, 1918 in Brooklyn, NY.<ref name=dr/>
Researcher:<ref name=dr>"The Arab League’s Propaganda Campaign in the U.S. Against the Establishment of a Jewish State - 1944-1947." Rickenbacher Daniel. Israel Studies. Volume 25, Issue 1. Spring 2020. [https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/153223/1/153223.pdf]</ref>
<blockquote>
Besides the two founders, the young Lebanese Orientalist Philip Khoury Hitti made an appearance as a speaker at the event. The rally passed a resolution, describing the Arabs at risk of being dominated by “a race rendered more powerful and wealthy through contact with the western civilization thus applying might against right” and protesting the “artificial importation of Zionists flooding the country against its natural capacities and thus forcing an emigration of the rightful inhabitants.”<ref>“Untitled,” New York Times, November 9, 1917; cited in Davidson, “Debating Palestine,” 230; see also Knee, “The King-Crane Commission of 1919,” 204.</ref>
Thus, by 1918, the anti-Zionist Arab-American movement had already found both its central arguments and its leaders. Rihani, Hitti and Shatara would shape the movement over the next two decades. The Arab Americans worked to influence the State Department and other influential elements of the foreign policy strata. Fuad Shatara of the Palestine Antizionism Society wrote two letters to Secretary of State Robert Lansing in November 1918 and February 1919, arguing that Zionism was in contravention to Wilson’s Fourteen Points.<ref>Davidson, “Debating Palestine,” 231.</ref>
In December 1918, Hitti and George Khairalla established the New Syria National League. The group lobbied for the establishment of a Greater Syria under American protection, reaching from the Sinai to the Euphrates.<ref>The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria (Routledge, 2013), 147.</ref>
These groups intensified their activities in light of the upcoming peace conference in Paris. Shatara and Hitti reached out to John Huston Finley, the chief of the Red Cross Commission in Palestine, asking Finley not to detach Palestine from Greater Syria.<ref>Knee, The Concept of Zionist Dissent in the American Mind, 1917-1941, 205.</ref>
During the conference, Hitti’s New Syria National League also sent a telegram to Wilson, Lloyd George and Clemenceau advocating an American protectorate over Syria.<ref>Knee, The Concept of Zionist Dissent in the American Mind, 1917-1941, 205</ref></blockquote>
Shatara who remained an executive member of ''NSNL'', New Syria National League (Jam'iyyat Suriya al-Jadida al-Wataniyya).<ref>Fahrenthold, S. D. (2019). Between the Ottomans and the Entente: The First World War in the Syrian and Lebanese Diaspora, 1908-1925. United States: Oxford University Press. (Abbreviations, Dramatis Personae, and Key Terms).<blockquote><small></small>NSNL New Syria National League (Jamʿiyyat Suriya al-Jadida al-Wataniyya). Established in New York City and Boston in 1918. Chairman Jurj Ilyas Khayrallah. Executive members included Najeeb Saleeby, Faris Malouf, Fuad
Shatara, Philip K. Hitti, and Abraham Mitrie Rihbany. Promoted independence for greater Syria and, in 1919, a United States Mandate in cooperation with the Arab nationalist movement. Aligned with Cairo's Syrian Moderate Party and Buenos Aires' Free Democratic Nationalist Party. Disbanded after 1920, but reemerged in Michigan in 1925 as the New Syria Party. </blockquote></ref>
Shatara, Philip K. Hitti, and Abraham Mitrie Rihbany. Promoted independence for greater Syria and, in 1919, a United States Mandate in cooperation with the Arab nationalist movement. Aligned with Cairo's Syrian Moderate Party and Buenos Aires' Free Democratic Nationalist Party. Disbanded after 1920, but reemerged in Michigan in 1925 as the New Syria Party. </blockquote></ref>