:"... constructing valid external benchmarks is difficult, because it involves assessing the racial composition of those participating in criminal activity and the racial composition of those exposed to the patrolling officers."<ref>[http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9325/index1.html Do NYPD’s Pedestrian Stop Data Indicate Racial Bias?]</ref> | :"... constructing valid external benchmarks is difficult, because it involves assessing the racial composition of those participating in criminal activity and the racial composition of those exposed to the patrolling officers."<ref>[http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9325/index1.html Do NYPD’s Pedestrian Stop Data Indicate Racial Bias?]</ref> |