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Kemal deposed the last sultan of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1922 and became president of Turkey in 1923. It is estimated that over 99% of Turks are Muslim [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html#People], but Kemal established a secular rule based on a strong military. He abolished Islamic courts and gave women the right to vote and hold government positions. As a result of his efforts, Turkey is the only Muslim country to independently hold democratic elections.
Kemal deposed the last sultan of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1922 and became president of Turkey in 1923. It is estimated that over 99% of Turks are Muslim [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html#People], but Kemal established a secular rule based on a strong military. He abolished Islamic courts and gave women the right to vote and hold government positions. As a result of his efforts, Turkey is the only Muslim country to independently hold democratic elections.
Samuel Huntington defines "Kamalism" as a response to attempts at "reconciliation of Islam and modernity', or to modernise Islam without Westernization.
==Reference==
*Samuel P Huntington, ''The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order'', New York: Touchtone, 1997. [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19930601faessay5188/samuel-p-huntington/the-clash-of-civilizations.html]
[[Category:Turkey]]