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| | *many large conservative rallies held in Ohio by [[Trump]] from 2016 through 2024, typically attended by many thousands of people | | *many large conservative rallies held in Ohio by [[Trump]] from 2016 through 2024, typically attended by many thousands of people |
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| − | Ohio voters include a substantial percentage of [[pro-life]], [[working class]] [[Democrats]] who shifted enough to the [[Republican]] column to enable [[Donald Trump]] to garner 52% in 2016 and a higher 53% in 2020, despite [[Obama]] winning the state easily in 2008 and 2012. Rampant [[early voting]] of roughly a month in duration plagues its elections, which [[Dem]]s exploit with [[ballot harvesting]], but in early 2024 a Democrat-appointed federal judge upheld election integrity laws enacted by the [[Republican]] legislature. | + | Ohio voters include a substantial percentage of [[pro-life]], [[working class]] [[Democrats]] who shifted enough to the [[Republican]] column to enable [[Donald Trump]] to garner 52% in 2016, a higher 53% in 2020, and a 10% lead over Biden as of late April 2024,<ref>https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/president-general/2024/ohio/</ref> despite how [[Obama]] won Ohio easily in 2008 and 2012. Rampant [[early voting]] of roughly a month in duration plagues its elections, which [[Dem]]s exploit with [[ballot harvesting]], but in early 2024 a Democrat-appointed federal judge upheld election integrity laws enacted by the [[Republican]] legislature. |
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| | Neighboring [[West Virginia]] has swung strongly to the [[Republican]] side as [[Dem]]s push radical [[environmentalism]] to wreck the [[coal]] industry, and Trump carried West Virginia by nearly 40 points in 2020. Ohio depends more on the car industry, but it too is being destroyed by the [[Dem]] push for [[electric car]]s that are difficult to make and sell. As to college [[football]], Ohio has won 8 national championships.<ref>https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/college-football-national-championship-history</ref> | | Neighboring [[West Virginia]] has swung strongly to the [[Republican]] side as [[Dem]]s push radical [[environmentalism]] to wreck the [[coal]] industry, and Trump carried West Virginia by nearly 40 points in 2020. Ohio depends more on the car industry, but it too is being destroyed by the [[Dem]] push for [[electric car]]s that are difficult to make and sell. As to college [[football]], Ohio has won 8 national championships.<ref>https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/college-football-national-championship-history</ref> |
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| | ==History== | | ==History== |
| | [[File:Benjamin F. Wade Brady-Handy picture.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Portrait of [[abolitionist]] U.S. senator [[Benjamin F. Wade]], a prominent [[Radical Republican]].]] | | [[File:Benjamin F. Wade Brady-Handy picture.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Portrait of [[abolitionist]] U.S. senator [[Benjamin F. Wade]], a prominent [[Radical Republican]].]] |
| − | Chillicothe was the capital from the formation of the Ohio Territory from the [[Northwest Territory]] in 1800, until 1809, when it was moved to Zanesville for three years. Chillicothe was again the capital from 1812 until 1816, when Columbus became the capital because it was the geographical center of the state. Cincinnati was the largest and most important city until surpassed by Cleveland in the early 20th century. | + | Chillicothe was the capital from the formation of the Ohio Territory from the [[Northwest Territory]] in 1800, until 1809 when it was moved to Zanesville for three years. Chillicothe was again the capital from 1812 until 1816, when Columbus became the capital because it was the geographical center of the state. Cincinnati was the largest and most important city until surpassed by Cleveland in the early 20th century. |
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| − | Since 1940, fiscal conservatism has been a hallmark of Ohio leaders, including such Republican governors as John Bricker, Thomas Herbert, and C. William O’Neill, as well as some Democrats, notably Martin Davey and [[Frank Lausche]]. Especially in the small towns and cities voters expressed low-tax, low-spending and pro-business sentiments. | + | Since 1940, fiscal conservatism has been a hallmark of Ohio leaders, including such Republican governors as John Bricker, Thomas Herbert, and C. William O’Neill, as well as some Democrats, notably Martin Davey and [[Frank Lausche]]. Especially in the small towns and cities, voters expressed low-tax, low-spending, and pro-business sentiments. |
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| − | Michael V. DiSalle, a Democrat elected in 1958, tried to convert Ohio to high spending but angered the taxpayers after one term.<ref>Richard G. Zimmerman, ''Call Me Mike: A Political Biography of Michael V. DiSalle'' (2003)</ref> He was defeated by Republican [[James A. Rhodes]] (1909-2001), who branded DiSalle "Tax Hike Mike" and went on to become Ohio's longest-serving governor (1962–70 and 1974–82). Rhodes eliminated or cut back the wasteful programs and concentrated instead on building of airports, state office buildings, prisons, and other public structures. Rhodes lowered taxes on small business owners, thereby building up the economy, while increasing funding to schools and universities. | + | Michael V. DiSalle, a Democrat elected in 1958, tried to convert Ohio to high spending but angered the taxpayers after one term.<ref>Richard G. Zimmerman, ''Call Me Mike: A Political Biography of Michael V. DiSalle'' (2003)</ref> He was defeated by Republican [[James A. Rhodes]] (1909-2001), who branded DiSalle "Tax Hike Mike" and went on to become Ohio's longest-serving governor (1962–70 and 1974–82). Rhodes eliminated or cut back the wasteful programs and concentrated instead on building of airports, state office buildings, prisons, and other public structures. Rhodes lowered taxes on small business owners, thereby building up the economy while increasing funding to schools and universities. |
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| − | Democrat Richard F. Celeste was defeated by Rhodes in 1978, but won the governorship in 1982 and defeated Rhodes's comeback effort in 1986. Celeste sought to increase state funding to education, health services, and welfare programs; with the legislature under liberal control he increased the state income tax by 90%. A referendum to overturn the tax increase failed, but in 1984, voters returned the Ohio Senate to Republican control. | + | Democrat Richard F. Celeste was defeated by Rhodes in 1978, but won the governorship in 1982 and defeated Rhodes's comeback effort in 1986. Celeste sought to increase state funding to education, health services, and welfare programs; with the legislature under liberal control, he increased the state income tax by 90%. A referendum to overturn the tax increase failed, but in 1984, voters returned the Ohio Senate to Republican control. |
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| | ==Boundary== | | ==Boundary== |
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| | ==Bibliography== | | ==Bibliography== |
| − | * [http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/browse.php Ohio History Central], authoritative short articles, with images, audio and video files | + | * [http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/browse.php Ohio History Central], authoritative short articles, with images, audio, and video files |
| | ===Surveys and textbooks=== | | ===Surveys and textbooks=== |
| | * Bell, Carol Willsey. ''Ohio Guide to Genealogical Sources.'' (1988). 372 pp. | | * Bell, Carol Willsey. ''Ohio Guide to Genealogical Sources.'' (1988). 372 pp. |
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| | * Lafferty, Michael B., ed. ''Ohio's Natural Heritage.'' (1979). 324 pp. | | * Lafferty, Michael B., ed. ''Ohio's Natural Heritage.'' (1979). 324 pp. |
| | * Parker, Gregory; Sisson, Richard; and Coil, William Russell, eds. ''Ohio & the World: Essays toward a New History of Ohio.'' (2005). 199 pp. | | * Parker, Gregory; Sisson, Richard; and Coil, William Russell, eds. ''Ohio & the World: Essays toward a New History of Ohio.'' (2005). 199 pp. |
| − | * Sisson, Richard, ed. ''The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia'' (2006), very right regional encyclopedia by scholars | + | * Sisson, Richard, ed. ''The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia'' (2006), a [[conservative]]-leaning regional encyclopedia by scholars |
| | * Smith, Thomas H., ed. ''An Ohio Reader. Vol. 1, 1750 to the Civil War. Vol 2. Reconstruction to the Present.'' (1975). 763 pp. articles by historians | | * Smith, Thomas H., ed. ''An Ohio Reader. Vol. 1, 1750 to the Civil War. Vol 2. Reconstruction to the Present.'' (1975). 763 pp. articles by historians |
| | ===History to 1860=== | | ===History to 1860=== |