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[[File:Entrada Colchane.jpg|225px|thumbnail|A [[Bernardo O'Higgins]] statue at the entrance of the municipality, to the left there a plaque that states that the municipality was founded under [[President of Chile|President]] [[Augusto Pinochet]] [[Military Government (Chile)|Military Government]].]]
[[File:Entrada Colchane.jpg|225px|thumbnail|A [[Bernardo O'Higgins]] statue at the entrance of the municipality, to the left there a plaque that states that the municipality was founded under [[President of Chile|President]] [[Augusto Pinochet]] [[Military Government (Chile)|Military Government]].]]
The first traces of human presence in the altiplano date back to 5000 B.C., but the factor that determined the definitive settlement in the sector was that human groups were able to domesticate plants such as potatoes and animals such as the llama. With the passage of time, the primitive villages of the early farmers began to grow stronger until they became important human agglomerations. Some of the cultures that predominated in this sector were the Tiwanaku, Aymara (with the presence of communities to this day) and the Inka empire, among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chileestuyo.cl/itinerarios/descubre-la-magia-de-colchane-y-las-bellezas-del-altiplano-chileno/|title=Descubre la magia de Colchane y las bellezas del altiplano chileno|publisher=Chile es Tuyo|language=es}}</ref>
The first traces of human presence in the altiplano date back to 5000 B.C., but the factor that determined the definitive settlement in the sector was that human groups were able to domesticate plants such as potatoes and animals such as the llama. With the passage of time, the primitive villages of the early farmers began to grow stronger until they became important human agglomerations. Some of the cultures that predominated in this sector were the Tiwanaku, Aymara (with the presence of communities to this day) and the Inka empire, among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chileestuyo.cl/itinerarios/descubre-la-magia-de-colchane-y-las-bellezas-del-altiplano-chileno/|title=Descubre la magia de Colchane y las bellezas del altiplano chileno|publisher=Chile es Tuyo|language=es}}</ref>
The territory of Tarapacá which the town belongs to was [[Peruvian]] prior to the [[War of the Pacific]] from 1879 between Perú, Bolivia and Chile. Tarapacá was ceded to Chile in the 1884 Treaty of Ancón.
This is an important point, because during the [[Salvador Allende|Allende's Marxist Popular Unity period]] there were problems with the government, which had ideas of a centralized and collectivist economy, and as the locals say, there were clashes over land ownership and the government of the time "expropriated their goods, crops and livestock" and had to hide the production so that it would not be collectivized.
This is an important point, because during the [[Salvador Allende|Allende's Marxist Popular Unity period]] there were problems with the government, which had ideas of a centralized and collectivist economy, and as the locals say, there were clashes over land ownership and the government of the time "expropriated their goods, crops and livestock" and had to hide the production so that it would not be collectivized.