Changes

*'''21 March.''' Obama announces US forces commenced operations in [[Libya]] two days earlier, on March 19, "to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe." Sec. [[Robert Gates]] warned establishment of a no-fly zone meant attacking Libya.<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20038391-503544.html</ref> National Security Advisor [[Tom Donilon]] and Deputy National Security Advisor [[Denis McDonough]] opposed attacking Libya; but [[Hillary Clinton]] "won the bureaucratic battle to use Department of Defense resources to achieve what's essentially the State Department's objective... and Obama let it happen".<ref>[http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/03/18/how_obama_turned_on_a_dime_toward_war How Obama turned on a dime toward war.]</ref>  

*'''21 March.''' Obama announces US forces commenced operations in [[Libya]] two days earlier, on March 19, "to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe." Sec. [[Robert Gates]] warned establishment of a no-fly zone meant attacking Libya.<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20038391-503544.html</ref> National Security Advisor [[Tom Donilon]] and Deputy National Security Advisor [[Denis McDonough]] opposed attacking Libya; but [[Hillary Clinton]] "won the bureaucratic battle to use Department of Defense resources to achieve what's essentially the State Department's objective... and Obama let it happen".<ref>[http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/03/18/how_obama_turned_on_a_dime_toward_war How Obama turned on a dime toward war.]</ref>  

[[File:Libya Rebels Gaining Momentum.jpg|thumb|President Obama armed al-Qaeda rebels who later migrated to Syria to form the Islamic State.(Photo:Reuters).]]

[[File:Libya Rebels Gaining Momentum.jpg|thumb|President Obama armed al-Qaeda rebels who later migrated to Syria to form the Islamic State.(Photo:Reuters).]]

*[[United Nations]] Charter, Article 2(4), prohibits the “threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence” of a member state, and many observers object that Obama's actions violate this prohibition.  

*[[United Nations Charter]], Article 2(4), prohibits the “threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence” of a member state, and many observers object that Obama's actions violate this prohibition.  

*Congressional Research Services advises that a no-fly byzone imposed against a state that has not carried out an attack on its neighbors may consider the imposition an “armed attack.” CRS warns that even if a no-fly zone does not constitute an armed attack, "that state, and other members of the international community, might consider them a violation of the prohibition of the 'threat or use of force,' as well as of the customary duty of non-intervention in the affairs of other sovereign states."

*Congressional Research Services advises that a no-fly byzone imposed against a state that has not carried out an attack on its neighbors may consider the imposition an “armed attack.” CRS warns that even if a no-fly zone does not constitute an armed attack, "that state, and other members of the international community, might consider them a violation of the prohibition of the 'threat or use of force,' as well as of the customary duty of non-intervention in the affairs of other sovereign states."