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Chinese Communist Party (view source)

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==Human rights, security police, and public health==

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Since the ~~Tiannanmen~~ massacre the party is obsessed with stability, deploying a vast internal security apparatus to head off protests or, once they erupt, to prevent them from spreading. The government is constantly talking about 'stability maintenance' which is coded language for ensuring the party's rule. The domestic security apparatus includes an 800,000-strong police force under the Ministry of Public Security and a 1.5 million-strong paramilitary force, the People's Armed Police, which reports to both the Party's Central Military Commission and, through the Ministry of Public Security, to the State Council. Other agencies involved in internal security include the Party's Propaganda Department, which plays an important role in censoring the media to prevent discussion of subjects that might feed movements for change; the Ministry of State Security, which focuses on internal security threats as well as conducting intelligence-gathering abroad; and the Ministry of Justice, which operates China's [[gulag]]s and forced labor system. Many of China's gulags operate factories to produce [[consumer goods]] for [[export]] to the [[United States]] and the rest of the world.

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Since the Tiananmen massacre, the party has been obsessed with stability, deploying a vast internal security apparatus to head off protests or, once they erupt, to prevent them from spreading. The government is constantly talking about 'stability maintenance,' which is coded language for ensuring the party's rule. The domestic security apparatus includes an 800,000-strong police force under the Ministry of Public Security and a 1.5 million-strong paramilitary force, the People's Armed Police, which reports to both the Party's Central Military Commission and, through the Ministry of Public Security, to the State Council. Other agencies involved in internal security include the Party's Propaganda Department, which plays an important role in censoring the media to prevent discussion of subjects that might feed movements for change; the Ministry of State Security, which focuses on internal security threats as well as conducting intelligence-gathering abroad; and the Ministry of Justice, which operates China's [[gulag]]s and forced labor system. Many of China's gulags operate factories to produce [[consumer goods]] for [[export]] to the [[United States]] and the rest of the world.

===Forced labor===

[[File:Forced Labor Detention Facilities in China.PNG|thumb|right|300px]]

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China's network of penal forced labor facilities, established in the early years of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) government to hold both criminals and political dissidents, remains in operation today.<ref>It is also known as the “laogai” system. ~~It's~~ [[Russia]]n equivalent is '' Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei'' or ''gulag''.</ref> U.S. law prohibits the importation of goods produced “wholly or in part in any foreign country by convict labor or/and forced labor or/and indentured labor under penal sanctions.”<ref>Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S. Code 19 § 1307.</ref> Artificial flowers, Christmas lights, shoes, garments, umbrellas as well as coal, cotton, electronics, fireworks, footwear, nails, and toys have been identified as produced in Chinese prison factories for export. There have been several instances of letters and notes from prisoners describing their confinement, working conditions and mistreatment discovered in products purchased by consumers outside China; at [[Christmas]] in 2019 a six-year-old girl in [[London]], in a box of newly purchased Christmas cards, found one that had a message in English saying,

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China's network of penal forced labor facilities, established in the early years of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) government to hold both criminals and political dissidents, remains in operation today.<ref>It is also known as the “laogai” system. Its [[Russia]]n equivalent is '' Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei'' or ''gulag''.</ref> U.S. law prohibits the importation of goods produced “wholly or in part in any foreign country by convict labor or/and forced labor or/and indentured labor under penal sanctions.”<ref>Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S. Code 19 § 1307.</ref> Artificial flowers, Christmas lights, shoes, garments, umbrellas as well as coal, cotton, electronics, fireworks, footwear, nails, and toys have been identified as produced in Chinese prison factories for export. There have been several instances of letters and notes from prisoners describing their confinement, working conditions and mistreatment discovered in products purchased by consumers outside China; at [[Christmas]] in 2019 a six-year-old girl in [[London]], in a box of newly purchased Christmas cards, found one that had a message in English saying,

{{quotebox-float|"We are foreign prisoners in Shanghai Qingpu prison China Forced to work against our will. Please help us and notify human rights organization."<ref>https://www.npr.org/2019/12/23/790832681/6-year-old-finds-message-alleging-chinese-prison-labor-in-box-of-christmas-cards</ref>}}

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Profitable prison companies help to fund the operations of both local and national ~~government~~. Prison labor enterprises producing [[high-tech]] goods such as [[semiconductor]]s and optical instruments are the most profitable, each earning an estimated annual revenue of tens of millions of dollars and paying taxes to the Chinese government. According to the 2012 ''Trafficking in Persons Report'' from the [[United States Department of State]],

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Profitable prison companies help to fund the operations of both local and national governments. Prison labor enterprises producing [[high-tech]] goods such as [[semiconductor]]s and optical instruments are the most profitable, each earning an estimated annual revenue of tens of millions of dollars and paying taxes to the Chinese government. According to the 2012 ''Trafficking in Persons Report'' from the [[United States Department of State]],

{{quotebox|“[t]he [PRC] government reportedly profits from [the use of] forced labor. Many prisoners and detainees in ‘reeducation through labor’ facilities [are] required to work, often with no remuneration.”}}

Many prisons function as subcontractors for Chinese firms. The State Department has noted cases in which

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The book ''Laogai: The Machinery of Repression in China'', published in 2009, stated that as many as 3 to 5 million people were imprisoned in laogai or gulag camps.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Laogai-The-Machinery-Repression-China/dp/1884167772 Laogai: The Machinery of Repression in China], 2009-10-01</ref>

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In addition to criminal sentences imposed by a court, administrative detention imposed by police with no legal [[due process]] required, the CCP has a system of “Black Jails”, an unofficial system of unlicensed confinement facilities used by local CCP officials primarily to detain petitioners seeking redress of grievances.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/china1109web_1.pdf</ref>

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In addition to criminal sentences imposed by a court, and administrative detention imposed by police with no legal [[due process]] required, the CCP has a system of “Black Jails”, an unofficial system of unlicensed confinement facilities used by local CCP officials primarily to detain petitioners seeking redress of grievances.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/china1109web_1.pdf</ref>

====''Guardian'' report====

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In a 2011 story published by ''[[The Guardian]]'' a former prisoner claimed he was sentenced to three years at a Reeducation Through Labor (RTL) camp for “illegally petitioning” central government officials about corruption in his local area. In addition to performing work digging in open-trench coal mines, carving chopsticks, and assembling automotive seat covers for export, he described a system in which prisoners were forced to spend 12-hour shifts in the evenings playing online video games to build up virtual credits that were then sold online by camp officials.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/25/china-prisoners-internet-gaming-scam?CMP=twt_gu</ref> Prison officials made approximately $785–$940 per day from the “gold farming” services performed by prisoners, which made the work more profitable than the prison's more traditional manufacturing enterprises. Gold farming (also termed “powerleveling”) is a practice associated with many online role-playing games, in which a player pays someone else to play their character for them – thereby building up points that make their characters more powerful or acquiring possessions (e.g., wealth, weapons) that similarly make them stronger. Online vendors may also offer for sale existing characters whose power and wealth have already been built up through extended periods of ~~game play~~, or virtual goods that can be transferred to other characters.<ref>http://www.infodev.org/infodev-files/resource/InfodevDocuments_1076.pdf</ref> Websites acting as brokers for such

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In a 2011 story published by ''[[The Guardian]]'' a former prisoner claimed he was sentenced to three years at a Reeducation Through Labor (RTL) camp for “illegally petitioning” central government officials about corruption in his local area. In addition to performing work digging in open-trench coal mines, carving chopsticks, and assembling automotive seat covers for export, he described a system in which prisoners were forced to spend 12-hour shifts in the evenings playing online video games to build up virtual credits that were then sold online by camp officials.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/25/china-prisoners-internet-gaming-scam?CMP=twt_gu</ref> Prison officials made approximately $785–$940 per day from the “gold farming” services performed by prisoners, which made the work more profitable than the prison's more traditional manufacturing enterprises. Gold farming (also termed “powerleveling”) is a practice associated with many online role-playing games, in which a player pays someone else to play their character for them – thereby building up points that make their characters more powerful or acquiring possessions (e.g., wealth, weapons) that similarly make them stronger. Online vendors may also offer for sale existing characters whose power and wealth have already been built up through extended periods of gameplay, or virtual goods that can be transferred to other characters.<ref>http://www.infodev.org/infodev-files/resource/InfodevDocuments_1076.pdf</ref> Websites acting as brokers for such

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trades are easily locatable online. On August 6, 2012, Commission staff located, with a single [[Google]] search, the website www.ogdeal.com, which claims the title of “The Leading MMORPG (‘massively multiplayer online roleplaying game’) Services Company.” The site offered credit exchanges for over 40 popular online games (~~to include~~ ''Anarchy'', ''Age of Conan'', ''Diablo 3'', ''Final Fantasy'', ''Warhammer'', ''Star Wars: The Old Republic'', etc.), with payments “via Paypal, Moneybookers, Libertyreserve and Westernunion within 10mins after the trade.” “Sell Anarchy Online Credits,” www.ogdeal.com.<ref>http://archive.is/EgZNL</ref>

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trades are easily locatable online. On August 6, 2012, Commission staff located, with a single [[Google]] search, the website www.ogdeal.com, which claims the title of “The Leading MMORPG (‘massively multiplayer online roleplaying game’) Services Company.” The site offered credit exchanges for over 40 popular online games (including ''Anarchy'', ''Age of Conan'', ''Diablo 3'', ''Final Fantasy'', ''Warhammer'', ''Star Wars: The Old Republic'', etc.), with payments “via Paypal, Moneybookers, Libertyreserve and Westernunion within 10mins after the trade.” “Sell Anarchy Online Credits,” www.ogdeal.com.<ref>http://archive.is/EgZNL</ref>

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No compensation was provided to the prisoners themselves. Prisoners who failed to earn the required ~~numbers~~ of virtual credits would be beaten by prison guards: “If I couldn't complete my work quota, they would punish me physically. They would make me stand with my hands raised in the air and after I returned to my dormitory they would beat me with plastic pipes. We kept playing until we could barely see things.”

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No compensation was provided to the prisoners themselves. Prisoners who failed to earn the required number of virtual credits would be beaten by prison guards: “If I couldn't complete my work quota, they would punish me physically. They would make me stand with my hands raised in the air and after I returned to my dormitory they would beat me with plastic pipes. We kept playing until we could barely see things.”

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Along with virtual goods generated by prisoners offered for sale online, prisoners are also used for spamming, “cherry blossoming,”* and “click fraud.”<ref>https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/02/17/android_trojan_click_fraud_scam/</ref> ‘Cherry blossoming’ is a term used to refer to small marketing related digital tasks, such as ‘liking’ a brand's [[Facebook]] page against a small pay. It involves using a large numbers of workers to complete small tasks for a business client. Cherry blossoming can also be used to increase the number of hits on a company or product webpage, thereby raising its Internet profile and seeming popularity with consumers.

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Along with virtual goods generated by prisoners offered for sale online, prisoners are also used for spamming, “cherry blossoming,”* and “click fraud.”<ref>https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/02/17/android_trojan_click_fraud_scam/</ref> ‘Cherry blossoming’ is a term used to refer to small marketing-related digital tasks, such as ‘liking’ a brand's [[Facebook]] page against a small pay. It involves using large numbers of workers to complete small tasks for a business client. Cherry blossoming can also be used to increase the number of hits on a company or product webpage, thereby raising its Internet profile and seeming popularity with consumers.

Click fraud is believed to be a widespread practice in China. Anchor Intelligence digital marketing identified a click fraud ring involving 200,000 different IP addresses and racked up more than $3 million worth of fraudulent clicks across 2,000 advertisers in a two-week period run out of technical universities such as the Shanghai Technology Institute.<ref>https://techcrunch.com/2009/10/08/the-evolution-of-click-fraud-massive-chinese-operation-dormring1-uncovered/</ref> ''PC Magazine Online'' defines click fraud as the practice of “[c]licking ad banners without any intention of purchasing the product. Click fraud is done to make an ad campaign appear more effective. Paying a few cents per hour to workers in a third-world country to sit at a computer all day and do nothing but click banners makes an ad campaign appear very successful. If ads are based on click-throughs (pay-per-click), the Web site publishing the ads and clicking the ads countless times can make a dishonest profit.”<ref>https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/click-fraud</ref>

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According to some reports, the CCP has begun to move large numbers of Uyghurs, including many former detainees, into textile, apparel, and other labor-intensive industries in Xinjiang and other PRC provinces. Uyghurs who refuse to accept such employment may be threatened with detention. They continue to be heavily monitored outside of work, and are required to attend political study classes at night. A study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute identified nearly 120 Chinese and foreign companies, including global brands, that the institute alleges directly or indirectly benefit from Uyghur labor in potentially abusive circumstances.<ref>https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10281</ref>

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Uyghurs are working in factories that are in the supply chains of at least 83 well-known global brands in the technology, clothing and automotive sectors, including [[Apple]], [[BMW]], Gap, [[Huawei]], [[Nike, Inc.]], [[Samsung]], [[Sony]] and [[Volkswagen]]. In factories far away from home, they typically live in segregated dormitories, undergo ~~organised~~ Mandarin and ideological training outside working hours, are subject to constant surveillance, and are forbidden from participating in religious observances.<ref>https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale</ref>

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Uyghurs are working in factories that are in the supply chains of at least 83 well-known global brands in the technology, clothing and automotive sectors, including [[Apple]], [[BMW]], Gap, [[Huawei]], [[Nike, Inc.]], [[Samsung]], [[Sony]] and [[Volkswagen]]. In factories far away from home, they typically live in segregated dormitories, undergo organized Mandarin and ideological training outside working hours, are subject to constant surveillance, and are forbidden from participating in religious observances.<ref>https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale</ref>

===Forced organ harvesting===

:{{See also|Forced organ harvesting}}

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[[File:Organ-harvesting-profits.jpg|right|thumb|These values come from the China International Transplantation Network Assistance Center (CITNAC) at www.zoukiishoku.com. CITNAC was founded in the transplantation institute at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Its website was ~~shutdown~~ soon after organ harvesting was exposed, here is the [http://web.archive.org/web/20050407211151/http://en.zoukiishoku.com/list/cost.htm archived page].]]

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[[File:Organ-harvesting-profits.jpg|right|thumb|These values come from the China International Transplantation Network Assistance Center (CITNAC) at www.zoukiishoku.com. CITNAC was founded in the transplantation institute at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Its website was shut down soon after organ harvesting was exposed, here is the [http://web.archive.org/web/20050407211151/http://en.zoukiishoku.com/list/cost.htm archived page].]]

The CCP has a long history of violently suppressing faith as “feudal superstition.” Given the number of Falun Gong practitioners in the country, the CCP's persecution was a massive undertaking.

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People with financial means are willing to buy organs at a high cost, and the huge profit pushes the hospitals to pursue new sources of organs by all means necessary to increase their profit margins. Given China's political and legal environment, certain groups of people become especially susceptible targets. Namely, Falun Gong practitioners.<ref>http://www.stoporganharvesting.org/business-of-organ-harvesting/</ref>

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In March 2020 the China Tribunal, an independent people's tribunal, released its full judgment on Chinese forced organ harvesting.<ref>https://chinatribunal.com/</ref> The panel was chaired by Sir Geoffrey Nice who previously led the [[prosecution]] of former [[Yugoslavia]] [[Prime Minister]] [[Slobodan Milosevic]] for [[war crimes]] at the International Criminal Tribunal and included other experts in law, transplant surgery, international politics, Chinese history and business. The experts concluded that the grisly practice has continued unabated. In June 2019 the tribunal delivered its findings in [[London]], concluding beyond a reasonable doubt that state sanctioned forced organ harvesting from prisoners of conscience has taken place for years in China on a significant scale and is still taking place. The main organ supply came from imprisoned practitioners of the persecuted spiritual group Falun Gong.<ref>https://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2019/4/15/176497.html</ref>

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In March 2020 the China Tribunal, an independent people's tribunal, released its full judgment on Chinese forced organ harvesting.<ref>https://chinatribunal.com/</ref> The panel was chaired by Sir Geoffrey Nice who previously led the [[prosecution]] of former [[Yugoslavia]] [[Prime Minister]] [[Slobodan Milosevic]] for [[war crimes]] at the International Criminal Tribunal and included other experts in law, transplant surgery, international politics, Chinese history and business. The experts concluded that the grisly practice has continued unabated. In June 2019 the tribunal delivered its findings in [[London]], concluding beyond a reasonable doubt that state-sanctioned forced organ harvesting from prisoners of conscience has taken place for years in China on a significant scale and is still taking place. The main organ supply came from imprisoned practitioners of the persecuted spiritual group Falun Gong.<ref>https://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2019/4/15/176497.html</ref>

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The Chinese regime has persecuted the group for more than two decades. Hundreds of thousands of adherents have been thrown into prisons, labor camps, and [[brainwash]]ing centers where many have been tortured in an effort to force them to renounce their faith.<ref>'''WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT.''' [http://photo.minghui.org/photo/selected-En/u_persecution/21222121551.htm Horrific Abuse Revealed upon Death]. "Heilongjiang Practitioner Wang Bin was tortured to death on Septempber 24, 2000 by Daqing Men's Labor Campa. ~~Hosptial~~ examination showed: a lymph artery was broken; over a dozen of his bones, including his collar bone, sternum and ribs were broken; one of Wang's testicles was also split; the backs of Wang's hands were found to have been repeatedly burned; Wang's nostrils were burned and injured by the lit cigarettes that were inserted into them; and many parts of Wang's body were black and dark purple.."</ref> The tribunal concluded that the Chinese regime sustained campaign of forced organ harvesting constituted a crime against humanity. Many people have died indescribable hideous deaths for no reason, ~~that~~ more may suffer in similar ways, and that all of us live on a planet where extreme wickedness may be found in the power of those, who for the time being, are running a country that is one of the oldest civilizations known to modern man.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gfN2_uOvTM</ref>

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The Chinese regime has persecuted the group for more than two decades. Hundreds of thousands of adherents have been thrown into prisons, labor camps, and [[brainwash]]ing centers where many have been tortured in an effort to force them to renounce their faith.<ref>'''WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT.''' [http://photo.minghui.org/photo/selected-En/u_persecution/21222121551.htm Horrific Abuse Revealed upon Death]. "Heilongjiang Practitioner Wang Bin was tortured to death on Septempber 24, 2000 by Daqing Men's Labor Campa. Hospital examination showed: a lymph artery was broken; over a dozen of his bones, including his collar bone, sternum and ribs were broken; one of Wang's testicles was also split; the backs of Wang's hands were found to have been repeatedly burned; Wang's nostrils were burned and injured by the lit cigarettes that were inserted into them; and many parts of Wang's body were black and dark purple.."</ref> The tribunal concluded that the Chinese regime sustained campaign of forced organ harvesting constituted a crime against humanity. Many people have died indescribable hideous deaths for no reason, and more may suffer in similar ways, and that all of us live on a planet where extreme wickedness may be found in the power of those, who for the time being, are running a country that is one of the oldest civilizations known to modern man.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gfN2_uOvTM</ref>

[[File:China_Liaison_Office,_Hong_Kong.jpeg|thumb|300px|right|The Liaison Office in Sai Ying Pun (the building with a row of red flags). This is the headquarters of the Hong Kong branch of the Chinese Communist Party.]]

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The [[Hong Kong]] branch of the Chinese Communist Party was founded in 1947 as the Xinhua News Agency Hong Kong Branch. Although the party has ruled Hong Kong since 1997, it remains technically illegal, or "underground." This status, unique among the world's ruling parties, allows the CCP to evade local laws that require political parties to disclose financing and to provide a membership list. In 2000, the name of the branch was changed to "Liaison Office of the Central People's Government." It is headquartered in a tower in the city's Sai Ying Pun district. In 2003, the office was reorganized as a "second government" parallel and equal in status to the "local government" in Admiralty. Since 2012, Sai Ying Pun has been the dominant partner in the Hong Kong government. The Liaison Office is headed by a director, currently Luo Huining. Luo is a member of the national party's central committee. The office has extensive and undisclosed property holdings through Newman Investment, a subsidiary. The office reports to the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, an agency of the Beijing government. This agency is currently headed by Xia Baolong, also a central committee member.

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The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 provides that Hong Kong will enjoy a "high degree of autonomy except for foreign and defence affairs" under a "one country, two systems" approach. This approach was to last for fifty years, from 1997 to 2047. China promised that it would hold a direct election for chief executive by 2017. In August 2014, the Chinese parliament announced that Hong Kong voters would choose a chief executive from two or three candidates nominated by a committee. This announcement triggered mass pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong in the form of the Umbrella Movement. The protests failed to ~~the~~ stop the selection of Carrie Lam as chief executive in 2017. In 2017, a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry announced that the joint declaration was no longer valid.

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The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 provides that Hong Kong will enjoy a "high degree of autonomy except for foreign and defence affairs" under a "one country, two systems" approach. This approach was to last for fifty years, from 1997 to 2047. China promised that it would hold a direct election for chief executive by 2017. In August 2014, the Chinese parliament announced that Hong Kong voters would choose a chief executive from two or three candidates nominated by a committee. This announcement triggered mass pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong in the form of the Umbrella Movement. The protests failed to stop the selection of Carrie Lam as chief executive in 2017. In 2017, a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry announced that the joint declaration was no longer valid.

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In 2019 the Hong Kong government proposed a bill to [[extradite]] suspects who were wanted on the mainland. Unlike Hong Kong courts, mainland courts do not provide suspects with due process or other legal protections. A series of ~~the~~ enormous protests were held in Hong Kong and the bill was withdrawn on October 23, 2019. Parties that supported the pro-democracy protesters swept the District Council elections that were held in November.<ref>Loh, Christine, "[https://hkupress.hku.hk/pro/con/1724.pdf Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong]" Second Edition.</ref>

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In 2019 the Hong Kong government proposed a bill to [[extradite]] suspects who were wanted on the mainland. Unlike Hong Kong courts, mainland courts do not provide suspects with due process or other legal protections. A series of enormous protests were held in Hong Kong and the bill was withdrawn on October 23, 2019. Parties that supported the pro-democracy protesters swept the District Council elections that were held in November.<ref>Loh, Christine, "[https://hkupress.hku.hk/pro/con/1724.pdf Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong]" Second Edition.</ref>

===Racism and minority rights===

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To be Black or African in China is to be labeled unintelligent, dangerous, unattractive, or to see an empty seat next to you on a crowded subway.<ref>[https://www.inkstonenews.com/opinion/black-panther-what-it-be-black-china/article/2136990 ''What is it like to be Black in China?''], Inkstone News</ref>}}

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Barry Sautman published via the ''Cambridge University Press'' about racism in post Mao Zedong China:

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Barry Sautman published via the ''Cambridge University Press'' about racism in post-Mao Zedong China:

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{{quotebox|Expressions of anti-black sentiment by Chinese students have caught the world's attention periodically since the end of the 1970s. Demonstrations against African students in Nanjing and other cities between late 1988 and early 1989 received wide press coverage. Because the African population in China is small and transient, some observers saw these events as a manifestation of a vestigial xenophobia, not as part of a developing trend of thought within a key segment of Chinese society. Placed next to the brutal ethnic conflicts that plague much of the world, the episodic, non-lethal incidents in China seemed evanescent, with only fleeting implications for China's foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/anti-black-racism-in-post-mao-china/862AF22CB97347DD0EF289792919640B Anti-Black Racism in Post-Mao China] by Barry Sautman, ''Cambridge University Press''</ref>}}

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{{quotebox|Expressions of anti-black sentiment by Chinese students have caught the world's attention periodically since the end of the 1970s. Demonstrations against African students in Nanjing and other cities between late 1988 and early 1989 received wide press coverage. Because the African population in China is small and transient, some observers saw these events as a manifestation of vestigial xenophobia, not as part of a developing trend of thought within a key segment of Chinese society. Placed next to the brutal ethnic conflicts that plague much of the world, the episodic, non-lethal incidents in China seemed evanescent, with only fleeting implications for China's foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/anti-black-racism-in-post-mao-china/862AF22CB97347DD0EF289792919640B Anti-Black Racism in Post-Mao China] by Barry Sautman, ''Cambridge University Press''</ref>}}

The Leftwing communist government's response to the coronavirus was to blame foreigners for importing the virus.<ref>https://www.ibtimes.com/china-blames-world-new-coronavirus-cases-all-imported-no-local-transmission-2946187</ref> [[Black]] Africans and [[African American]]s were evicted from their apartments and refused service in local shops and restaurants.<ref>https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/africans-in-china-being-evicted-from-homes-after-lockdown-ends/ar-BB12uxqM</ref> Those who could leave the socialist paradise ended up living on the streets, constantly harassed by the [[police]].<ref>https://www.france24.com/en/20200411-if-you-re-black-you-can-t-go-out-africans-in-china-face-racism-in-covid-19-crackdown</ref>

One of the biggest ways the outbreak of the CCP coronavirus has damaged China's international reputation is by exposing the country's racist attitude toward Africans. Despite the fact that the virus originated in China itself, local governments and people in different parts of the country have been treating Africans like they were the ones responsible for triggering the COVID-19 pandemic. Such an attitude obviously has angered millions of Africans back home.<ref>https://www.visiontimes.com/2020/05/05/africans-enraged-at-chinas-racist-attitude.html</ref>

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On April 13, 2020, the U.S. consulate had to issue an alert warning [[African-American]]s to avoid the [[Guangzhou]] region since they could be racially targeted. It advised African-Americans in China to always carry their identity documents with them since it is less likely for officials to target an American ~~citizen~~.

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On April 13, 2020, the U.S. consulate had to issue an alert warning [[African American]]s to avoid the [[Guangzhou]] region since they could be racially targeted. It advised African Americans in China to always carry their identity documents with them since it is less likely for officials to target American citizens.

China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian accused the U.S. of trying to drive a wedge between Africa and China, saying that the United States was being neither responsible nor [[moral]]. A [[State Department]] spokesperson pointed out that the mistreatment meted out to Africans in China is a clear signal of how hollow the China-Africa relationship is despite Beijing constantly masquerading as being a benefactor for African people.<ref>https://en.tuidang.org/news/communist-regime/2020/05/africans-enraged-at-chinas-racist-attitude.html</ref>

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*Biometric data collection: Authorities have systematically collected and cataloged [[DNA]] samples, [[blood type]]s, and fingerprints and performed eye scans of Uyghurs for identification purposes as part of its social stability campaign, often under the guise of “health physicals.”

*Internet and Social Media Controls: Uyghurs in some areas of the XUAR are required to install an application on their [[mobile phone]]s that enables authorities to monitor their online activities.

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*~~Home stays~~: The government has sent an estimated one million officials and state workers from outside the XUAR, mostly ethnic Han, to live temporarily in the homes of Uyghurs to assess their hosts’ loyalty to the Communist Party.<ref>https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1148671/download</ref>

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*Homestays: The government has sent an estimated one million officials and state workers from outside the XUAR, mostly ethnic Han, to live temporarily in the homes of Uyghurs to assess their hosts’ loyalty to the Communist Party.<ref>https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1148671/download</ref>

===Covid-19 pandemic===

:{{See also|Global Wuhan coronavirus pandemic‎‎|Coronavirus}}

[[File:WHO-CCP Wuhan virus.PNG|left|300px|thumb|The [[World Health Organization]], headed by a Marxist [[fellow traveller]], publicly announced that the [[Wuhan virus]] originating in [[China]] posed no threat of contagious reaction between humans.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2020/03/18/flashback-who-china-coronavirus-contagious/</ref> Within a month the [[planet]] faced a global [[pandemic]].]]

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The Chinese Communist Party stifled public warnings about the Chinese [[Wuhan coronavirus]] [[epidemic]] for six weeks after the first confirmed inflections in early December 2019. Doctors who posted on [[social media]] about the virus were arrested and forced to sign confessions admitting to crimes of "disrupting the social order" and "rumourmongering".<ref> The confession signed on Jan. 3, 2020 says that they had “severely disrupted social order:”"On December 30, 2019, WeChat group "Clinical Wuhan University 04" issued untrue statements about 7 cases of SARS diagnosed in the South China fruit and seafood market. Now raise warnings and admonitions according to law on the illegal issue of untrue statements on the Internet. Your behavior severely disrupts social order. Your behavior has exceeded the scope permitted by law, and it violates the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Public Security Management Penalties , which is an illegal act! The public security organ hopes that you will actively cooperate with your work, follow the advice of the police, and stop ~~the~~ illegal behavior. can you do it? Answer: Yes We hope that you calm down and reflect carefully, and solemnly warn you: if you are stubborn, do not think about repentance, and continue to carry out illegal activities, you will be punished by the law! do you understand? Answer: understand" [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E4%BA%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%AD%E8%AF%AB%E4%B9%A6.png Exhortation of Wuhan Public Security Bureau Wuchang Branch Zhongnan Road Street Police Station], February 7, 2020. wikicommons.org </ref> The local Communist-controlled Wuhan government was instructed by the central authority not to issue health alerts until after the virus was spread throughout the country and internationally. The [[Beijing]] central government in turn blamed local officials for allowing people to exit the city and put the rest of the population in danger.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/wuhan-mayor-admits-wrongdoing-but-pushes-blame-on-beijing-for-mishandling-viral-outbreak-crisis_3218297.html</ref>

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The Chinese Communist Party stifled public warnings about the Chinese [[Wuhan coronavirus]] [[epidemic]] for six weeks after the first confirmed inflections in early December 2019. Doctors who posted on [[social media]] about the virus were arrested and forced to sign confessions admitting to crimes of "disrupting the social order" and "rumourmongering".<ref> The confession signed on Jan. 3, 2020 says that they had “severely disrupted social order:”"On December 30, 2019, WeChat group "Clinical Wuhan University 04" issued untrue statements about 7 cases of SARS diagnosed in the South China fruit and seafood market. Now raise warnings and admonitions according to law on the illegal issue of untrue statements on the Internet. Your behavior severely disrupts social order. Your behavior has exceeded the scope permitted by law, and it violates the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Public Security Management Penalties, which is an illegal act! The public security organ hopes that you will actively cooperate with your work, follow the advice of the police, and stop illegal behavior. can you do it? Answer: Yes We hope that you calm down and reflect carefully, and solemnly warn you: if you are stubborn, do not think about repentance, and continue to carry out illegal activities, you will be punished by the law! do you understand? Answer: understand" [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E4%BA%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%AD%E8%AF%AB%E4%B9%A6.png Exhortation of Wuhan Public Security Bureau Wuchang Branch Zhongnan Road Street Police Station], February 7, 2020. wikicommons.org </ref> The local Communist-controlled Wuhan government was instructed by the central authority not to issue health alerts until after the virus was spread throughout the country and internationally. The [[Beijing]] central government in turn blamed local officials for allowing people to exit the city and put the rest of the population in danger.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/wuhan-mayor-admits-wrongdoing-but-pushes-blame-on-beijing-for-mishandling-viral-outbreak-crisis_3218297.html</ref>

President [[Donald Trump]] offered China any help necessary.<ref>https://news.am/eng/news/556919.html</ref> The leftist regime, with its trademark [[monopoly]] control of power, banned private charities and volunteers from entering Hubei Province or sending materials to hospitals directly.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-restricts-medical-supply-donations-to-epicenter-despite-dire-need-during-viral-outbreak_3217718.html</ref>

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Chinese scientists eventually admitted the virus may have originated at a government laboratory only 280 meters away from the Huanan seafood market. A Chinese-language newspaper published in Hong Kong, ''Ming Pao'', and the British daily, ''The Mirror'' explained that the Wuhan Center for Disease Control, or WHCDC, could have spawned the contagion in Hubei Province. It stated that it's plausible the virus was leaked from the lab and contaminated initial patients in this epidemic. Sen. [[Tom Cotton]], citing ''The Lancet'', tweeted

{{quotebox-float|China claimed—for almost two months—that coronavirus had originated in a Wuhan seafood market. That is not the case. @TheLancet published a study demonstrating that of the original 40 cases, 14 of them had no contact with the seafood market, including Patient Zero.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/tom-cotton-implies-coronavirus-originated-in-wuhan-super-laboratory</ref>}}

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Sources within China say 90,000 people were infected before the Chinese Communist Party alerted the public to the danger of the epidemic. People reporting on [[social media]] about the true extent of the disaster from within the Wuhan containment zone risk arrest by the atheist controlled CCP.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-issues-harsh-warning-to-silence-social-media-postings-on-wuhan-pneumonia_3219251.html</ref> The case histories and the pattern of infection were known to Chinese researchers from the beginning, so earlier reports fingering the market may have been intentionally misleading.<ref>Cohen, Jon, "[https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally]," ''Science'', Jan. 26, 2020.</ref>

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Sources within China say 90,000 people were infected before the Chinese Communist Party alerted the public to the danger of the epidemic. People reporting on [[social media]] about the true extent of the disaster from within the Wuhan containment zone risk arrest by the atheist-controlled CCP.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-issues-harsh-warning-to-silence-social-media-postings-on-wuhan-pneumonia_3219251.html</ref> The case histories and the pattern of infection were known to Chinese researchers from the beginning, so earlier reports fingering the market may have been intentionally misleading.<ref>Cohen, Jon, "[https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally]," ''Science'', Jan. 26, 2020.</ref>

====Public broadcasting and reporting====

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====Under-reporting true scale of pandemic====

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The true scale of infections is estimated to be possibly ten-times higher than the official number reported by the Chinese central government.<ref>https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chinas-coronavirus-victims-likely-10-times-higher-than-reported-analyst-says-155836267.html</ref>

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The true scale of infections is estimated to be possibly ten times higher than the official number reported by the Chinese central government.<ref>https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chinas-coronavirus-victims-likely-10-times-higher-than-reported-analyst-says-155836267.html</ref>

On January 24, 2020, one day after the world was first alerted to the outbreak, a doctor circumventing [[liberal censorship|leftist censorship]] in Wuhan reported 90,000 infected cases.<ref>Dear friends, elders,

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I ’m still in the epidemic area of Hankou, Wuhan, and ~~I ’d~~ like to report to you the current epidemic situation in Hubei and even the whole country.

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I ’m still in the epidemic area of Hankou, Wuhan, and I’d like to report to you the current epidemic situation in Hubei and even the whole country.

There are now more than 90,000 person-times (Note: Infected person-times or incidents?)

What is the chance of this virus being transmitted? After a person is infected, if he is not effectively isolated,

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Let me introduce you to the situation of medical supplies in Hubei Province

At present, the entire medical system in Wuhan, which integrates the entire medical system in Hubei Province, has passed through our superiors. The health and health committee (Note: these three words are uncertain)

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~~And various~~ administrative departments

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Various administrative departments

The municipal government and the provincial government are initiating donations to the society through major media. This material is medical material. For example, the goggles I wear

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This material is extremely accurate. Our current medical staff must come back to the front line when they come down from the clinic.

I am now equivalent to recording this video with everyone on the FireWire, in order to make everyone accurate.

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I stress again that during the Spring Festival holiday, don’t go out and stay in your own house, otherwise ~~I ’m~~ desperately ahead

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I stress again that during the Spring Festival holiday, don’t go out and stay in your own house, otherwise I’m desperately ahead

Not just to keep my dad, my loved ones, healthy

I hope everyone can understand, I also know that some relatives are not in the group, please see the news of me, call each other and inform

It must be done. I hope everyone can raise awareness. This is a political task.

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And ~~I ’m~~ reporting very bad news. This new type of coronavirus has undergone the second generation mutation

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And I’m reporting very bad news. This new type of coronavirus has undergone the second-generation mutation

In other words, in the first generation of mutation, we can treat it symptomatically.

Then when the second-generation mutation occurs, this is terrible, and its chance of infection is not one person to one person, one person has the disease and infects 14 people around him.

Then it is pour burst (note: these five characters are uncertain)

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I hope everyone remembers, ~~do n’t~~ go out, ~~do n’t~~ go out, ~~do n’t~~ meet, ~~do n’t~~ have dinner

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I hope everyone remembers, don’t go out, don’t go out, don’t meet, don’t have dinner

thank you all https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfdWmjPt2ow https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/wuhan-nurse-fears-90000-infected-emotional-plea-help</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' of [[London]] quoted Prof. Neil Ferguson saying “My best guess now is perhaps 100,000 cases right now. Almost certainly many tens of thousands of people are infected.”<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/26/coronavirus-could-infect-100000-globally-experts-warn</ref> Other sources likewise have implied that the [[communist]] government of China may have under-reported the true dimensions of the problem.

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Because coronavirus is a "~~noval~~" virus, meaning "new" or "unknown", technicians lack the training to identify infections. People are going to multiple hospitals daily, attempting to be tested or treated. There are a limited number of test kits available, so hospitals have to choose who will be tested. That is one more reason why the true extent of the virus was underreported.

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Because coronavirus is a "novel" virus, meaning "new" or "unknown", technicians lack the training to identify infections. People are going to multiple hospitals daily, attempting to be tested or treated. There are a limited number of test kits available, so hospitals have to choose who will be tested. That is one more reason why the true extent of the virus was underreported.

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The first week 213 deaths were reported worldwide with over 9,800 confirmed infections. The leftist Chinese regime was suspected of suppressing the real extent of the epidemic. By the end of the second week 813 were reported dead with more than 37,300 confirmed infected. 193,000 were under observation. 400 million people were on lockdown nationwide.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/more-400-million-people-lockdown-guangzhou-joins-quarantine</ref>

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The first week 213 deaths were reported worldwide with over 9,800 confirmed infections. The leftist Chinese regime was suspected of suppressing the real extent of the epidemic. By the end of the second week, 813 were reported dead with more than 37,300 confirmed infected. 193,000 were under observation. 400 million people were on lockdown nationwide.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/more-400-million-people-lockdown-guangzhou-joins-quarantine</ref>

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Near the end of the third week 1,666 were reported dead with 69,000 plus infected. There was near universal skepticism - inside and outside China - on the Chinese socialist government's reporting on the epidemic.

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Near the end of the third week, 1,666 were reported dead with 69,000 plus infected. There was near universal skepticism - inside and outside China - on the Chinese socialist government's reporting on the epidemic.

2363 deaths were reported with 78,000 infections near the end of the fourth week. CCP officials admitted to changing their methodology of reported infections, lowering the rate of reported numbers. [[South Korea]] was reporting a complete doubling every day for the past four days. [[Iran]] was experiencing a serious outbreak. Reported numbers in the United States were puzzling.

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====Censorship====

[[File:Drone-footage-shows-mass-grave-in-new-yorks-hart-island-1-thum (1).jpg|right|250px|thumb|Burial of unidentified and unclaimed bodies on Hart Island, New York during the global Covid-19 pandemic.]]

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CCP authorities cracked down hard on people trying to break through the veil of government secrecy, as [[discrediting attack|they call it "rumormongering"]], according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. All persons who spread "fake news" (i.e. the truth about the real extent of the epidemic, its spread and its consequences), and thus ~~disturbs~~ social order, will face up to three years in prison detention or disciplinary action under China's [[social credit system]]. Offenders who cause serious consequences will be given three to seven-year prison terms.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLROgqAjDhQ</ref>

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CCP authorities cracked down hard on people trying to break through the veil of government secrecy, as [[discrediting attack|they call it "rumormongering"]], according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. All persons who spread "fake news" (i.e. the truth about the real extent of the epidemic, its spread and its consequences), and thus disturb social order, will face up to three years in prison detention or disciplinary action under China's [[social credit system]]. Offenders who cause serious consequences will be given three to seven-year prison terms.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLROgqAjDhQ</ref>

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Despite the threat of prison, many people still went online to blame the government, both high and low ranking officials. Some residents of Wuhan posted videos calling for international help. Viral videos showed dead bodies on the floor in hospitals as patients sat ~~near by~~. Videos of massively crowded hospitals were posted causing local authorities to build a giant new containment facility in a week. However, video footage of the project came from Chinese state media. It was released it to [[the West|Western]] [[media]] as a [[propaganda]] effort to demonstrate how "great" the [[authoritarian]] approach to problem solving is. The structures are not really hospitals at all. The structures are large quarantine camps where people are monitored and receive no treatment at all.<ref>https://twitter.com/owishemwe/status/1225758761370910720</ref><ref>[[BuzzFeed]] reported that video of one such "hospital" was actually an apartment building being constructed on the other side of the country. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/china-state-media-false-coronavirus-hospital-image</ref>

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Despite the threat of prison, many people still went online to blame the government, both high and low-ranking officials. Some residents of Wuhan posted videos calling for international help. Viral videos showed dead bodies on the floor in hospitals as patients sat nearby. Videos of massively crowded hospitals were posted causing local authorities to build a giant new containment facility in a week. However, video footage of the project came from Chinese state media. It was released to [[the West|Western]] [[media]] as a [[propaganda]] effort to demonstrate how "great" the [[authoritarian]] approach to problem-solving is. The structures are not really hospitals at all. The structures are large quarantine camps where people are monitored and receive no treatment at all.<ref>https://twitter.com/owishemwe/status/1225758761370910720</ref><ref>[[BuzzFeed]] reported that video of one such "hospital" was actually an apartment building being constructed on the other side of the country. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/china-state-media-false-coronavirus-hospital-image</ref>

The Chinese people became more creative in skirting leftist censorship laws. Guizhou television broadcast a child reading a poem entitled, ''"China has a cold because of a virus that wears a crown,''" a veiled reference to [[President Xi]] and the Communist party.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajONB3eMQP4</ref>

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====Lockdown and mass arrests====

[[File:Annotation 2020-01-28 161645.png|300px|right|thumb|Containment facilities with barred windows for Coronavirus patients in Wuhan, China.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/china-posts-video-of-hospital-trailers-with-steel-bars-on-windows-locks-on-outside/</ref>]]

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Prior to the opening of camps, the Communist ~~party~~ nailed and barricaded whole households inside their residences. Gates of apartment ~~buiildings~~ were welded shut,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YtqH6eyGaM</ref> and food delivered every three days. When the quarantine camps were ready to receive victims, the Chinese government began forcibly removing people and arresting them to fill up camps.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GYqcNy4UGU</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gsfe-LAMFIk</ref> [[5G]] technology has been used to facilitate mass round-up

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Prior to the opening of camps, the Communist Party nailed and barricaded whole households inside their residences. Gates of apartment buildings were welded shut,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YtqH6eyGaM</ref> and food was delivered every three days. When the quarantine camps were ready to receive victims, the Chinese government began forcibly removing people and arresting them to fill up camps.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GYqcNy4UGU</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gsfe-LAMFIk</ref> [[5G]] technology has been used to facilitate mass round-up

A person can be arrested for not wearing a mask.

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====Public and party reaction====

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One of the eight doctors - [[Dr. Li Wenliang]] - forced to a sign a confession on January 3, 2020, admitting to posting “illegal and false” information warning the public of the coronavirus outbreak and epidemic, died on February 7, 2020. A selfie of the doctor lying sick in his hospital bed went viral, stirring widespread outrage in China.<ref>https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/15576/china-coronavirus-li-wenliang</ref> “To get an idea of the enormous scale of said outpouring of grief and anger, Dr. Li’s death apparently generated 800 million(!) comments on Weibo by midnight - 2.5 hours after it was first reported and 3 hours before it was confirmed by the hospital."<ref>https://twitter.com/davidpaulk/status/1225620210775994368?s=11</ref>

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One of the eight doctors - [[Dr. Li Wenliang]] - forced to sign a confession on January 3, 2020, admitting to posting “illegal and false” information warning the public of the coronavirus outbreak and epidemic, died on February 7, 2020. A selfie of the doctor lying sick in his hospital bed went viral, stirring widespread outrage in China.<ref>https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/15576/china-coronavirus-li-wenliang</ref> “To get an idea of the enormous scale of said outpouring of grief and anger, Dr. Li’s death apparently generated 800 million(!) comments on Weibo by midnight - 2.5 hours after it was first reported and 3 hours before it was confirmed by the hospital."<ref>https://twitter.com/davidpaulk/status/1225620210775994368?s=11</ref>

A woman in Wuhan posted a video saying,

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Some claim that China is abandoning its principle of "hiding its ability and biding its time" which it stuck to over the past 30 years. The "Wolf Warrior" style of diplomacy doesn't contradict this principle, it's just less subtle. The reasoning behind this principle was to dilute ideological conflicts and concentrate on development, and China's national policy has always prioritized economic development. China embraces [[globalization]] and multilateral cooperation. The growing influence of China worldwide can be largely attributed to internationalization and the force of markets.<ref>https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1185776.shtml</ref>}}

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On April 3, 2020, a Chinese coast-guard ship intentionally rammed and sank a [[Vietnam]]ese fishing vessel. The two countries are in conflict over jurisdiction of the Paracel Islands and fishing rights in the waters around the archipelago. On April 18, China unilaterally announced the establishment of the Nansha and Xisha administrative districts in the Paracels and the [[Spratly Islands]], drawing a protest from the [[Philippines]], which has a presence of its own on at least nine Spratly islands and islets, including Fiery Cross Reef. The Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, which monitors territorial conflicts, says Fiery Cross has been transformed into a Chinese missile base. In an earlier move, in mid-February 2020, a Chinese naval ship locked its radar on a Philippines naval vessel near the Commodore Reef in the Spratlys, signaling a strike as an act of intimidation. China in recent months has also provoked conflicts with [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], and Taiwan. ''[[The National Review]]'' reports:

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On April 3, 2020, a Chinese coast guard ship intentionally rammed and sank a [[Vietnam]]ese fishing vessel. The two countries are in conflict over the jurisdiction of the Paracel Islands and fishing rights in the waters around the archipelago. On April 18, China unilaterally announced the establishment of the Nansha and Xisha administrative districts in the Paracels and the [[Spratly Islands]], drawing a protest from the [[Philippines]], which has a presence of its own on at least nine Spratly islands and islets, including Fiery Cross Reef. The Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, which monitors territorial conflicts, says Fiery Cross has been transformed into a Chinese missile base. In an earlier move, in mid-February 2020, a Chinese naval ship locked its radar on a Philippines naval vessel near the Commodore Reef in the Spratlys, signaling a strike as an act of intimidation. China in recent months has also provoked conflicts with [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], and Taiwan. ''[[The National Review]]'' reports:

[[File:SouthChinaSea.jpg|left|350px|thumb|Disputed claims in the South China Sea.]]

{{quotebox-float|China appears to be exploiting the coronavirus pandemic to advance its [[South China Sea]] expansion project by “brute force … using its increasingly powerful navy to assert its dominance by harassing the shipping of rival states, even at times, in their own territorial waters.”

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China’s illegal assertiveness in the South China Sea — its wolf-warrior diplomacy — is damaging the state’s and Chinese people’s reputations. But it is also perhaps the greatest threat to international peace and security in the world today. Understanding the sources of China’s behavior is thus a matter of paramount concern.

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...Economic growth had faltered before the onset of the coronavirus, but now the country faces food shortages, unemployment, inflation, a debt crisis, and, given the inflexibility of centralized and often corrupt management, even the specter of financial collapse. The CCP has relied merely on two factors to legitimize its rule in China despite its notorious record of human-rights violations and corruption: economic performance and nationalism. As the economy suffers, nationalism intensifies.

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...Economic growth had faltered before the onset of the coronavirus, but now the country faces food shortages, unemployment, inflation, a debt crisis, and, given the inflexibility of centralized and often corrupt management, even the specter of financial collapse. The CCP has relied merely on two factors to legitimize its rule in China despite its notorious record of human rights violations and corruption: economic performance and nationalism. As the economy suffers, nationalism intensifies.

The kind of nationalism that has emerged in China is, like that of [[Nazi Germany]], intrinsically aggressive toward nonconforming individuals, groups, and other societies.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/05/chinas-wolf-warrior-diplomacy-in-context/</ref>}}

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=====Decoupling=====

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Decoupling refers to restricting and terminating certain trade relationships with the Chinese Communist Party. Decoupling however, is not limited merely to commerce. It will affect student exchange programs as students from China are hand selected by the Chinese Communist Party and expected to serve the party upon graduation without becoming infected with ideas such as [[democracy]], [[justice]], and [[religion]] while in the United States. American students studying in China likewise are targeted for compromise, blackmail, and ideological subversion.

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Decoupling refers to restricting and terminating certain trade relationships with the Chinese Communist Party. Decoupling, however, is not limited merely to commerce. It will affect student exchange programs as students from China are hand-selected by the Chinese Communist Party and expected to serve the party upon graduation without becoming infected with ideas such as [[democracy]], [[justice]], and [[religion]] while in the United States. American students studying in China likewise are targeted for compromise, blackmail, and ideological subversion.

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board oversees the Thrift Savings Plan, a retirement fund for federal employees and members of the uniformed military services, with about $600 billion in assets. Money is withheld from federal employees and the military's paychecks to contribute to the fund. Approximately 11% is invested in Chinese companies, some of which produce weapons designed to kill members of the U.S. military.<ref>https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/trump-orders-federal-retirement-money-invested-in-chinese-equities-to-be-pulled</ref> The government of China even prior to the CCP virus outbreak was in violation of U.S. sanctions law and engaged in humanitarian and human rights abuse.

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====Crematoriums====

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The leftist regime was accused of burning bodies 24 hours a day in secret to hide the true number of deaths.<ref>https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm</ref><ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/burning-bodies-secret-new-accounts-wuhan-detail-coronavirus-outbreak</ref><ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/funeral-home-worker-in-wuhan-epicenter-of-coronavirus-we-are-working-24-7-to-cremate-bodies_3227432.html</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhgtRhWh240</ref> Crematory workers are working 10–12 hours a day and do not go home. More than 60% of victims die at home and 38% in hospitals. The communist bureaucracy tries to issue death certificates, including the cause of death, within thirty minutes. Transporting corpses to crematoriums for disposal is the most time-consuming task in the process.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KFxCqV1fPQ</ref> Typically, Wuhan funeral homes handled about 220 deaths per day. Funeral workers were brought ~~in to~~ Wuhan from all over China to operate the city's crematoriums 24/7 with capacity of cremations of over 1,500 per day for two and half months.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/funeral-home-worker-in-wuhan-epicenter-of-coronavirus-we-are-working-24-7-to-cremate-bodies_3227432.html</ref>

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The leftist regime was accused of burning bodies 24 hours a day in secret to hide the true number of deaths.<ref>https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm</ref><ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/burning-bodies-secret-new-accounts-wuhan-detail-coronavirus-outbreak</ref><ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/funeral-home-worker-in-wuhan-epicenter-of-coronavirus-we-are-working-24-7-to-cremate-bodies_3227432.html</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhgtRhWh240</ref> Crematory workers are working 10–12 hours a day and do not go home. More than 60% of victims die at home and 38% in hospitals. The communist bureaucracy tries to issue death certificates, including the cause of death, within thirty minutes. Transporting corpses to crematoriums for disposal is the most time-consuming task in the process.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KFxCqV1fPQ</ref> Typically, Wuhan funeral homes handled about 220 deaths per day. Funeral workers were brought into Wuhan from all over China to operate the city's crematoriums 24/7 with a capacity of cremations of over 1,500 per day for two and half months.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/funeral-home-worker-in-wuhan-epicenter-of-coronavirus-we-are-working-24-7-to-cremate-bodies_3227432.html</ref>

The Chinese government began using mobile crematory units. In a video circulating on the internet, a Wuhan resident says she witnessed critically ill coronavirus patients sealed up in body bags while alive.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpeNO8PSuyY</ref>

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The ''[[Voice of America]]'' reported an estimate of the 84 cremation furnaces in the city have a capacity of 1560 cremations in a 24-hour period, assuming one cremation takes one hour, ~~results~~ in an estimated 46,800 deaths. A source close to the provincial civil affairs bureau said Wuhan saw 28,000 cremations in the space of a single month, suggesting that online estimates over a two-and-a-half month period weren't excessive.

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The ''[[Voice of America]]'' reported an estimate that the 84 cremation furnaces in the city have a capacity of 1560 cremations in a 24-hour period, assuming one cremation takes one hour, resulting in an estimated 46,800 deaths. A source close to the provincial civil affairs bureau said Wuhan saw 28,000 cremations in the space of a single month, suggesting that online estimates over a two-and-a-half-month period weren't excessive.

City officials handed out 3,000 yuan ($420) in hush money to families of the dead in exchange for their silence.<ref>https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/estimates-show-wuhan-death-toll-far-higher-official-figure</ref>

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It further distorted the theory of communism, which had already been severely distorted by Lenin, to provide a theoretical basis for destroying all traditional morals and principles. In addition, the CCP's distorted theory of communism was used to destroy all that was disadvantageous to the CCP's rule and to eliminate all social classes and people that might pose a threat to its control.

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American conservatives have always been vehemently hostile toward Mao, and against his CCP until the 1980s, when a modernizing, pro-capitalist faction led by Deng Xiaoping (1904–97) came to power. The ~~currently~~ leader of the party is Xi Jinping.

+

American conservatives have always been vehemently hostile toward Mao, and against his CCP until the 1980s, when a modernizing, pro-capitalist faction led by Deng Xiaoping (1904–97) came to power. The current leader of the party is Xi Jinping.

===Mao era===

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The All-Russian Communist Party ([[Bolshevik]]) (later known as the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]), was obsessed with ambition for [[China]]. In 1920, the Soviet Union established the Far Eastern Bureau, a branch of the Third Communist International, or the [[Comintern]]. It was responsible for the establishment of a Communist party in China and other countries. Sumiltsky was the head of the bureau, and Grigori Voitinsky was a deputy manager. They began to prepare for the establishment of the CCP with Chen Duxiao and others. The proposal they submitted to the Far Eastern Bureau in June 1921 to establish a China branch of the Comintern indicated that the CCP was a branch led by the Comintern. On July 23, 1921, under the help of Nikolsky and Maring from the Far East Bureau, the CCP was officially formed.

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Marxism with its declaration to “use violent revolution to destroy the old state apparatus and to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat” was a completely foreign concept in China. Mao Zedong said, "The social scum and hoodlums have always been spurned by the society, but they are actually the bravest, the most thorough and firmest in the revolution in the rural areas."<ref>From Mao’s “Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan” (March 1927).</ref> The [[lumpen proletariat]] enhanced the violent nature of the CCP and established the early political power of the communist party in rural areas. The word “[[revolution]]” in Chinese literally means “taking lives.” In a debate over the term ~~“lumpen proletariat”~~ during the [[Cultural Revolution]], the CCP felt that “lumpen” did not sound good, and so the CCP replaced it with “[[proletariat]]” simply.

+

Marxism with its declaration to “use violent revolution to destroy the old state apparatus and to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat” was a completely foreign concept in China. Mao Zedong said, "The social scum and hoodlums have always been spurned by the society, but they are actually the bravest, the most thorough and firmest in the revolution in the rural areas."<ref>From Mao’s “Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan” (March 1927).</ref> The [[lumpen proletariat]] enhanced the violent nature of the CCP and established the early political power of the communist party in rural areas. The word “[[revolution]]” in Chinese literally means “taking lives.” In a debate over the term “lumpenproletariat” during the [[Cultural Revolution]], the CCP felt that “lumpen” did not sound good, and so the CCP replaced it with “[[proletariat]]” simply.

The CCP raised funds by robbing banks and [[kidnap]]ping. Those kidnapped were kept alive to be ransomed back to their families for continued monetary support for the army. It was not until either the Red Army was satisfied or the kidnapped families were completely drained of resources that the hostages were sent home. Some had been tortured so badly that they died before they could return.

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====Jiangxi Soviet Republic====

[[Image:Cn-rsk.gif|right|thumb|Flag of the Peoples Republic of China from 1928 - 7 Nov 1931. The Soviet Republic of China, referred to as the Jiangxi Soviet Republic, was declared Dec 1, 1931.]]

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In 1931 the executive committee of the Comintern in Moscow directed Mao Zedong to organize a Soviet on the Russian model.<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'' by David J. Dallin (New Haven, 1948); ''Inside Red China'' by Nym Wales (New York, 1939); [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/China.html#PRC Kiangsi Soviet Republic].</ref> Mao Zedong and [[Zhu De]], and later [[Zhou Enlai]], set up a Soviet government in two central provinces of China. In 1933, the CCP sent a message to [[Josef Stalin]] which read, "Lead us on, O our pilot, from victory to victory!"<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'', David J. Dallin, New Haven, 1948; 17th Congress of Communist Party of Soviet Union, Stenog. Report, p. 1323, quoted in ''While You Slept : Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It'', [[John T. Flynn]], New York : The Devin - Adair Company, 1951, [http://www.mises.org/books/whileyouslept.pdf pg. 21] pdf.</ref> The 1934 Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic stated that the "Chinese Soviet Government has the ... goal of eventual nationalization of all land." <ref>Ilpyong J. Kim, ''The Politics of Chinese Communism'', Berkeley 1973, p. 25.</ref>

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In 1931 the executive committee of the Comintern in Moscow directed Mao Zedong to organize a Soviet on the Russian model.<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'' by David J. Dallin (New Haven, 1948); ''Inside Red China'' by Nym Wales (New York, 1939); [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/China.html#PRC Kiangsi Soviet Republic].</ref> Mao Zedong and [[Zhu De]], and later [[Zhou Enlai]], set up a Soviet government in two central provinces of China. In 1933, the CCP sent a message to [[Josef Stalin]] which read, "Lead us on, O our pilot, from victory to victory!"<ref>''Soviet Russia and the Far East'', David J. Dallin, New Haven, 1948; 17th Congress of Communist Party of Soviet Union, Stenog. Report, p. 1323, quoted in ''While You Slept: Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It'', [[John T. Flynn]], New York: The Devin - Adair Company, 1951, [http://www.mises.org/books/whileyouslept.pdf pg. 21] pdf.</ref> The 1934 Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic stated that the "Chinese Soviet Government has the ... goal of eventual nationalization of all land." <ref>Ilpyong J. Kim, ''The Politics of Chinese Communism'', Berkeley 1973, p. 25.</ref>

The CCP promised the intellectuals a “heaven on earth.” Later it labeled them “[[rightist]]” and put them into the infamous ninth category of persecuted people, alongside landlords and spies. It deprived landlords and capitalists of their property, exterminated the landlord and rich peasant classes, destroyed rank and order in the countryside, took authority away from local figures, kidnapped and extorted bribes from the richer people, [[brainwash]]ed war prisoners, “reformed” industrialists and capitalists, infiltrated the [[KMT]] and disintegrated it, split from the Communist International and betrayed it, cleaned out all dissidents through successive political movements after it came to power in 1949, and threatened its own members with coercion.

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====Long March====

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The Long March was a 6,000 mile retreat of the Chinese Communist Army back to northwest to Outer [[Mongolia]] and the Soviet Union after it ~~being~~ routed by the [[Kuomintang]] in October 1933 to January 1934. In the fifth operation by the KMT, which aimed to encircle and annihilate the CCP, the CCP lost its rural strongholds one after another. With its base areas continually shrinking, the main [[Red Army]] had to flee. The “Long March” was aimed at breaking out of the encirclement and fleeing to [[Outer Mongolia]] and the Soviet Union along an arc that first went west and then north. Once in place, the CCP could escape into the Soviet Union in case of defeat.

+

The Long March was a 6,000-mile retreat of the Chinese Communist Army back to northwest to Outer [[Mongolia]] and the Soviet Union after it was routed by the [[Kuomintang]] in October 1933 to January 1934. In the fifth operation by the KMT, which aimed to encircle and annihilate the CCP, the CCP lost its rural strongholds one after another. With its base areas continually shrinking, the main [[Red Army]] had to flee. The “Long March” was aimed at breaking out of the encirclement and fleeing to [[Outer Mongolia]] and the Soviet Union along an arc that first went west and then north. Once in place, the CCP could escape into the Soviet Union in case of defeat.

−

The Long March ~~travelled~~ through Shanxi and Suiyuan where no [[Japanese]] troops were deployed. Along the way the Army of the CCP claimed to be fighting the Japanese. A year later, when the CCP finally arrived at Shanbei (northern Shaanxi province), the main force of the Central Red Army had decreased from 80,000 to 6,000 people. The Communists in 1949 rallied to conquer mainland China, and all the Communist leaders of the country after 1949 were on the Long March; by the 1960s, the children of people on the March started to gain power.

+

The Long March traveled through Shanxi and Suiyuan where no [[Japanese]] troops were deployed. Along the way, the Army of the CCP claimed to be fighting the Japanese. A year later, when the CCP finally arrived at Shanbei (northern Shaanxi province), the main force of the Central Red Army had decreased from 80,000 to 6,000 people. The Communists in 1949 rallied to conquer mainland China, and all the Communist leaders of the country after 1949 were on the Long March; by the 1960s, the children of people on the March started to gain power.

====Second Sino-Japanese War====

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====Yan'an rectification movement====

:{{See also|Yan'an rectification movement|Rectification}}

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In northern Shaanxi Province, while sandwiched between the Japanese and the KMT, the CCP began the Yan’an Rectification Movement of mass cleansing, killing many people. More than 10,000 were killed in the "rectification" process,<ref name="UJPRS">US Joint Publication ~~research service~~. (1979). ''China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs.'' Foreign Broadcast ~~information~~ Service. No ISBN digitized text March 5, 2007</ref> as the Party made efforts to attack intellectuals and replace the culture of the [[May Fourth Movement]] with that of Communist culture.<ref>Twitchett, Denis and Fairbank, John K. ''The Cambridge history of China.'' {{ISBN|0-521-24336-X}}</ref><ref>Borthwick, Mark. (1998). ''Pacific Century: The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia.'' Westview Press. {{ISBN|0-8133-3471-3}}</ref><ref name="Apter">Apter, David Ernest. (1994). Revolutionary Discourse in Mao's Republic. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|0-674-76780-2}}</ref> This type of repetitive massacre on such a massive scale did not prevent the CCP from eventually expanding its power to rule all of China. The CCP expanded this pattern of internal rivalry and killing from the small Soviet areas to the whole nation. ''The Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party'' describes Yan'an rectification movement as,

+

In northern Shaanxi Province, while sandwiched between the Japanese and the KMT, the CCP began the Yan’an Rectification Movement of mass cleansing, killing many people. More than 10,000 were killed in the "rectification" process,<ref name="UJPRS">US Joint Publication Research Service. (1979). ''China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs.'' Foreign Broadcast Information Service. No ISBN digitized text March 5, 2007</ref> as the Party made efforts to attack intellectuals and replace the culture of the [[May Fourth Movement]] with that of Communist culture.<ref>Twitchett, Denis and Fairbank, John K. ''The Cambridge history of China.'' {{ISBN|0-521-24336-X}}</ref><ref>Borthwick, Mark. (1998). ''Pacific Century: The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia.'' Westview Press. {{ISBN|0-8133-3471-3}}</ref><ref name="Apter">Apter, David Ernest. (1994). Revolutionary Discourse in Mao's Republic. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|0-674-76780-2}}</ref> This type of repetitive massacre on such a massive scale did not prevent the CCP from eventually expanding its power to rule all of China. The CCP expanded this pattern of internal rivalry and killing from the small Soviet areas to the whole nation. ''The Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party'' describes the Yan'an rectification movement as,

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{{quotebox|"the largest, darkest, and most ferocious power game ever played out in the human world. In the name of “cleansing petty bourgeoisie toxins,” the Party washed away morality, independence of thought, freedom of action, tolerance, and dignity....Humiliation became a fact of life in Yan’an—it was either ~~humiliate~~ other comrades or ~~humiliate~~ oneself. People were pushed to the brink of insanity, having been forced to abandon their dignity, sense of honor or shame, and love for one another to save their own lives and their own jobs. They ceased to express their own opinions and recited Party leaders’ articles instead."}}

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{{quotebox|"the largest, darkest, and most ferocious power game ever played out in the human world. In the name of “cleansing petty bourgeoisie toxins,” the Party washed away morality, independence of thought, freedom of action, tolerance, and dignity....Humiliation became a fact of life in Yan’an—it was either humiliating other comrades or humiliating oneself. People were pushed to the brink of insanity, having been forced to abandon their dignity, sense of honor or shame, and love for one another to save their own lives and their own jobs. They ceased to express their own opinions and recited Party leaders’ articles instead."}}

Mao developed the techniques of "thought reform" (literally "washing the brain" in Chinese). Mao's tactics often included isolating and attacking dissenting individuals in "study groups." These techniques of pressure, ostracism, and reintegration were particularly powerful in China, where the culture puts great value on "saving face", protecting one's innermost thinking, and above all, identifying with a group. Individuals put through thought reform later described it as excruciating. The resulting changes in views were not permanent, but the experience overall seriously affected the lives of those who went through it. The CCP has used these same types of techniques on millions of Chinese since 1949.

====Maoist revolution====

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In 1945–46, the U.S. attempted to force a negotiated settlement between the KMT and the Communists, but failed. In the face of economic collapse Mao Zedong established a totalitarian regime in 1949, forcing the elected constitutional [[Republic of China]] government to [[Taiwan]].

+

In 1945–46, the U.S. attempted to force a negotiated settlement between the KMT and the Communists, but failed. In the face of economic collapse, Mao Zedong established a totalitarian regime in 1949, forcing the elected constitutional [[Republic of China]] government to [[Taiwan]].

Mao liquidated millions of opponents, acting against the International society in the [[Korean War]] (1950–53), and around 1960 broke bitterly with the Soviet Union over the control of the Communist world. Mao's regime imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. Mao bluntly said,

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====Anti-Landlordism campaign====

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To seize real power, the CCP went on a nationwide anti-landlord campaign in rural areas and in cities, murdering landlords and their families, allegedly freeing the oppressed. ~~Land owners~~ were tried in public kangaroo courts in village squares where they were openly shamed and mocked, accused of committing crimes against the people. The land, however was transferred to state ownership and not to the people, and Stalinist collectivization imposed based upon the model implemented in the [[Ukraine]] in the 1930s (see [[Holodomor]]).

+

To seize real power, the CCP went on a nationwide anti-landlord campaign in rural areas and in cities, murdering landlords and their families, and allegedly freeing the oppressed. Landowners were tried in public kangaroo courts in village squares where they were openly shamed and mocked, accused of committing crimes against the people. The land, however, was transferred to state ownership and not to the people, and Stalinist collectivization was imposed based upon the model implemented in the [[Ukraine]] in the 1930s (see [[Holodomor]]).

−

These anti-landlord campaigns and ~~murder~~ which [[the left]] deems "liberating the people", actually began in the communist occupied territory of Yan'an during World War II, where the communists were hiding out from the Kuomintang and the Japanese even before the party captured the Chinese state in 1949. Landlords were forced into a [[rectification]] process, making false confessions and apologies, after which they were murdered for the offenses they "confessed" to.<ref>The CCP murderers were he alleged "agrarian reformers" the ''New York Times'' and [[Secretary of State]] [[George Marshall]] spoke of.</ref>

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These anti-landlord campaigns and murders which [[the left]] deems "liberating the people", actually began in the communist-occupied territory of Yan'an during World War II, where the communists were hiding out from the Kuomintang and the Japanese even before the party captured the Chinese state in 1949. Landlords were forced into a [[rectification]] process, making false confessions and apologies, after which they were murdered for the offenses they "confessed" to.<ref>The CCP murderers were he alleged "agrarian reformers" the ''New York Times'' and [[Secretary of State]] [[George Marshall]] spoke of.</ref>

====Great Leap Forward====

:{{see also|Great Leap Forward|Green Leap Forward}}

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In the early 1950s, China chose to model its socialist economy after that of the Soviet Union. The Soviet model called for capital-intensive development of heavy industry, with the capital to be generated from the agricultural sector of the economy. The state would purchase grain from the farmers at low prices and sell it, both at home and on the export market, at high prices. In practice, agricultural production did not increase fast enough to generate the amount of capital required to build up China's industry according to plan. Mao Zedong (1893-1976) decided that the answer was to reorganize Chinese agriculture by pushing through a program of cooperativization (or collectivization) that would bring China's small farmers, their small plots of land, and their limited draught animals, tools, and machinery together into larger and, presumably, more efficient cooperatives.<ref>http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/mao_zedong_agricultural_cooperation.pdf</ref> The Great Leap Forward was a program to nationalize industry and agriculture.

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In the early 1950s, China chose to model its socialist economy after that of the Soviet Union. The Soviet model called for the capital-intensive development of heavy industry, with the capital to be generated from the agricultural sector of the economy. The state would purchase grain from the farmers at low prices and sell it, both at home and on the export market, at high prices. In practice, agricultural production did not increase fast enough to generate the amount of capital required to build up China's industry according to plan. Mao Zedong (1893-1976) decided that the answer was to reorganize Chinese agriculture by pushing through a program of cooperativization (or collectivization) that would bring China's small farmers, their small plots of land, and their limited draught animals, tools, and machinery together into larger and, presumably, more efficient cooperatives.<ref>http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/mao_zedong_agricultural_cooperation.pdf</ref> The Great Leap Forward was a program to nationalize industry and agriculture.

[[Image:FrankCoegroup.jpg|thumb|left|300px

|CCP Chairman Mao Zedong (third left) with [[Israel Epstein]] (first left), [[Anna Louise Strong]] (center), [[Frank Coe]] (second right), and [[Solomon Adler]] (first right). ]]

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Mao promoted a policy of disposing of "rightist" opponents and sharing the wealth in state-run cooperatives. Since steel was the matter guns and tanks were made of, Mao declared the party's priority to overtake the United States and [[Great Britain]] in steel and agricultural output in 15 years. Two [[liberal]] [[New Deal]] economists, [[Frank Coe]] and [[Solomon Adler]], were recruited as advisers.<ref name=aems>{{cite news |first=Matthew D.|last=Johnson|authorlink= |title=The Revolutionary, A film by Irv Drasnin, Lucy Ostrander and Don Sellers|url=http://www.aems.illinois.edu/publications/filmreviews/revolutionary.html|quote=Matthew D. Johnson is Assistant Professor of East Asian History at Grinnell College. His research and teaching cover modern China and East Asia, political communications and propaganda, and United States-China relations. "The Revolutionary offers a window onto a unique individual and a unique perspective on the Mao-led Communist Party, particularly during the latter’s Cultural Revolution phase. The second is that it insinuates that Maoist China was closed to Americans during the Cold War. Writers Edgar Snow and Anna Louise Strong, both of whom visited and, in Strong’s case, lived in China after 1949 also enjoyed access to China’s top leaders and played important roles as bridges between the Communist Party and U.S. As did [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] and Robert F. Williams – African-American intellectuals and leaders whose roles in transnational U.S.-China relations ~~has~~ been overlooked by historians on both sides. Members of the CPUSA visited China during the early 1950s and again during the Cultural Revolution, and a handful of journalists also arrived there on the eve of Great Leap Forward. Other U.S. foreign experts employed by the PRC included former Treasury officials Frank Coe and Solomon Adler."|publisher=Asian Educational Media Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|date=October 21, 2013|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>Becker, Jasper, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, Macmillan (1998), ISBN 0-8050-5668-8, ISBN 978-0-8050-5668-6, pp. 290-299</ref><ref>Epoch Times Staff, ''Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party'', The Epoch Group, Broad Book USA (2005), ISBN 1-932674-16-0, ISBN 978-1-932674-16-3, p. 47</ref>

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Mao promoted a policy of disposing of "rightist" opponents and sharing the wealth in state-run cooperatives. Since steel was the matter guns and tanks were made of, Mao declared the party's priority to overtake the United States and [[Great Britain]] in steel and agricultural output in 15 years. Two [[liberal]] [[New Deal]] economists, [[Frank Coe]] and [[Solomon Adler]], were recruited as advisers.<ref name=aems>{{cite news |first=Matthew D.|last=Johnson|authorlink= |title=The Revolutionary, A film by Irv Drasnin, Lucy Ostrander and Don Sellers|url=http://www.aems.illinois.edu/publications/filmreviews/revolutionary.html|quote=Matthew D. Johnson is Assistant Professor of East Asian History at Grinnell College. His research and teaching cover modern China and East Asia, political communications and propaganda, and United States-China relations. "The Revolutionary offers a window onto a unique individual and a unique perspective on the Mao-led Communist Party, particularly during the latter’s Cultural Revolution phase. The second is that it insinuates that Maoist China was closed to Americans during the Cold War. Writers Edgar Snow and Anna Louise Strong, both of whom visited and, in Strong’s case, lived in China after 1949 also enjoyed access to China’s top leaders and played important roles as bridges between the Communist Party and U.S. As did [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] and Robert F. Williams – African-American intellectuals and leaders whose roles in transnational U.S.-China relations have been overlooked by historians on both sides. Members of the CPUSA visited China during the early 1950s and again during the Cultural Revolution, and a handful of journalists also arrived there on the eve of the Great Leap Forward. Other U.S. foreign experts employed by the PRC included former Treasury officials Frank Coe and Solomon Adler."|publisher=Asian Educational Media Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|date=October 21, 2013|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>Becker, Jasper, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, Macmillan (1998), ISBN 0-8050-5668-8, ISBN 978-0-8050-5668-6, pp. 290-299</ref><ref>Epoch Times Staff, ''Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party'', The Epoch Group, Broad Book USA (2005), ISBN 1-932674-16-0, ISBN 978-1-932674-16-3, p. 47</ref>

The program included the establishment of large agricultural communes containing as many as 75,000 people. Peasants were forced to produce steel in open furnaces at the expense of food production. 60% of the steel produced was substandard and useless. Corruption was rampant, with local party officials reporting inflated steel and agricultural output numbers to please their central party bosses. [[Famine]] set in; people resorted to eating tree bark and dirt, and in some areas to [[cannibalism]]. Farmers who failed to meet grain quotas, tried to get more food, or attempted to escape were tortured and killed along with their family members via beating, public mutilation, being buried alive, scalding with boiling water, and other methods.<ref>https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/great-leap-forward.asp</ref>

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The [[Cultural Revolution]] was a disastrous attempt to reform the economics, education and politics of Communist China, which led to the deaths of tens of millions of people. The upheaval began in August 1966 by Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong.

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Mao's objective was to replace leaders with people who would think like him and be supportive of him as chairmen, make the Chinese Communist Party function the way he wanted, give the Chinese youth a revolutionary experience, and make changes so that education, health care, and cultural systems would be for the entirety of China and not just for the elite. In order to do this, he began to establish a cult towards himself. His party would be forced to support him as he had little patience for opponents during what he ~~believe~~ to be the pinnacle point of China's future as a communist state. He quickly began a system of purges to cleanse of any unwanted opposition toward him or to the gang of four, especially after he was embarrassed with the part rejecting his great leap forward policies<ref>http://asianhistory.about.com/od/modernchina/f/What-Was-The-Cultural-Revolution.htm</ref>

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Mao's objective was to replace leaders with people who would think like him and be supportive of him as chairmen, make the Chinese Communist Party function the way he wanted, give the Chinese youth a revolutionary experience, and make changes so that education, health care, and cultural systems would be for the entirety of China and not just for the elite. In order to do this, he began to establish a cult towards himself. His party would be forced to support him as he had little patience for opponents during what he believed to be the pinnacle point of China's future as a communist state. He quickly began a system of purges to cleanse of any unwanted opposition toward him or to the gang of four, especially after he was embarrassed with the part rejecting his great leap forward policies<ref>http://asianhistory.about.com/od/modernchina/f/What-Was-The-Cultural-Revolution.htm</ref>

Mao Zedong wanted the Cultural Revolution to affect everyone in China. Ordinary people perceived to be members of the "Five Black Categories" were targeted as well as their children. The Five Black Categories were Landlords, so-called "Rich farmers", anti-communists or counter-revolutionaries, "Bad-influencers" or "bad elements", and Rightists. The ''Black Book of Communism'' reports,

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According to Prof. R. J. Rummel of the University of Hawaii, 7,731,000 people died in the Cultural Revolution.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rummel|first=R. J.|url=https://books.google.com/?id=iIEPoEL4lG0C&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=7,731,000+cultural+revolution#v=onepage&q=7,731,000%20cultural%20revolution&f=false|title=China's Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900|date=2011-12-31|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-1400-3|language=en}}</ref> Others place estimates as high as 20 million. Incidents of [[cannibalism]] were also reported. Massacres were mainly led by the local Communist Party branches, governmental agencies, the militia, and military.

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It was no coincidence that the Red Guard violence began in 1966, seventeen years after the 1949 revolution; the first act after the 1949 revolution was take control of the [[public education]] system and indoctrinate a generation with [[Cultural Marxism]] and to target anyone who opposed them as fascists. The Maoist Red Guard ~~were~~ a supposed "[[Antifa|Anti-fascist]]" movement.

+

It was no coincidence that the Red Guard violence began in 1966, seventeen years after the 1949 revolution; the first act after the 1949 revolution was to take control of the [[public education]] system and indoctrinate a generation with [[Cultural Marxism]] and to target anyone who opposed them as fascists. The Maoist Red Guard was a supposed "[[Antifa|Anti-fascist]]" movement.

===Deng and successors===

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After [[Zhao Ziyang]] became the party General Secretary, the economic and political reforms he had championed came under increasing attack. His proposal in May 1988 to accelerate price reform led to widespread popular complaints about rampant [[inflation]] and gave opponents of rapid reform the opening to call for greater centralization of economic controls and stricter prohibitions against Western influence. This precipitated a political debate, which grew more heated through the winter of 1988–89.

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The death of [[Hu Yaobang]] on April 15, 1989, coupled with growing economic hardship caused by high inflation, provided the backdrop for a large-scale protest movement by students, intellectuals, government employees, [[journalist]]s, workers, [[police officer]]s, members of the armed forces, and other members of a disaffected urban population. University students and other citizens camped out in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to mourn Hu's death and to protest against those who would slow reform. Their protests, which grew despite government efforts to contain them, called for an end to official corruption and for defense of freedoms guaranteed by the Chinese constitution. At least one million residents of Beijing were taking part in the protests.<ref>https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/one-million-protesters-take-to-the-streets-in-beijing</ref> Protests also spread to many other cities, including [[Shanghai]], [[Chengdu]], and [[Guangzhou]]. By late May, Tiananmen Square was overcrowded and beginning to face health and hygiene problems.

+

The death of [[Hu Yaobang]] on April 15, 1989, coupled with growing economic hardship caused by high inflation, provided the backdrop for a large-scale protest movement by students, intellectuals, government employees, [[journalist]]s, workers, [[police officer]]s, members of the armed forces, and other members of a disaffected urban population. University students and other citizens camped out in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to mourn Hu's death and to protest against those who would slow reform. Their protests, which grew despite government efforts to contain them, called for an end to official corruption and for the defense of freedoms guaranteed by the Chinese constitution. At least one million residents of Beijing were taking part in the protests.<ref>https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/one-million-protesters-take-to-the-streets-in-beijing</ref> Protests also spread to many other cities, including [[Shanghai]], [[Chengdu]], and [[Guangzhou]]. By late May, Tiananmen Square was overcrowded and beginning to face health and hygiene problems.

Disagreements about how to respond split the top Party leadership and forced out the Party General Secretary at the time, Zhao Ziyang. The decisions by Wang Zhen, Li Peng, and Paramount Leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] led them to conclude that the survival of their regime was at stake. Martial law was declared on May 20, 1989, and at least 30 divisions were mobilized. As many as 250,000 troops were eventually sent to the capital.

[[File:Tiananmen victims crushed by tank treads.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Human remains crushed by PLA armoured personnel carriers in Tiananmen Square, June 4, 1989.]]

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The 27th Army of Shanxi Province, whose troops were described as 60 percent illiterate and primitives, ~~were~~ responsible for most of the atrocities at Tiananmen Square.<ref>https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB16/docs/doc18.pdf</ref> The 27th Army “snipers shot many civilians on balconies, street sweepers etc for target practice” and used expanding dum-dum bullets. The 27th Army was chosen because its troops were considered “the most reliable and obedient”.

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The 27th Army of Shanxi Province, whose troops were described as 60 percent illiterate and primitives, was responsible for most of the atrocities at Tiananmen Square.<ref>https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB16/docs/doc18.pdf</ref> The 27th Army “snipers shot many civilians on balconies, street sweepers, etc for target practice” and used expanding dum-dum bullets. The 27th Army was chosen because its troops were considered “the most reliable and obedient”.

Late on June 3, 1989, and early on the morning of June 4, PLA units were brought into Beijing using automatic weapons, advancing in tanks, armored personnel carriers (APCs), and trucks from several directions toward Tiananmen Square. They used armed force to clear demonstrators from the streets.

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At 4:30 am protesters, joined by some PLA members, were given one hour to leave the Square, however five minutes later the 27th Army's ~~armoured~~ personnel carriers opened fire before running the crowd over at 65 kph [40 miles per hour]. “Students linked arms but were mown down. APCs then ran over the bodies time and time again to make, quote ‘pie’ unquote. Their remains were collected by bulldozer later that morning, incinerated, and then hosed down drains.

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At 4:30 am protesters, joined by some PLA members, were given one hour to leave the Square, however five minutes later the 27th Army's armored personnel carriers opened fire before running the crowd over at 65 kph [40 miles per hour]. “Students linked arms but were mown down. APCs then ran over the bodies time and time again to make, quote ‘pie’ unquote. Their remains were collected by bulldozer later that morning, incinerated, and then hosed down drains.

The 27th Army was ordered to spare no one. Wounded girl students begged for their lives but were bayoneted. A three-year-old girl was injured, but her mother was shot as she went to her aid, as were six others.

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In the 1990s the issue of Most Favored Nation trade status for China was pushed by the CCP, globalists and agribusiness interests, but strongly opposed by religious and human rights groups. [[Bill Clinton]]'s policy, which began with a 1993 executive order to make MFN status conditional on Chinese human rights and political reforms, changed as [[lobbyist]]s pushed a trade relationship with the CCP and forced the issue to be separated from the CCP's human rights abuses.

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As the [[Chinagate]] scandal progressed, Bill Clinton adjusted his China policy in 1996 and advocated dialogue and engagement; this led to a change in relations. But Washington continued to criticize China on the issues of [[Hong Kong]], human rights, trade, arms sales, [[Taiwan]], and questionable political donations to US election campaigns. Clinton welcomed General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and [[Butcher of ~~Tiannanen~~ Square]] [[Jiang Zemin]]'s to the White House. The major factors affecting the relationship include: the enduring impact of the 1989 Tiananmen massacre when the Communist Party crushed a peaceful democratic movement with the army; the negative coverage of the CCP's human rights abuses by American media, American psychological insecurity caused by the rise of Communist China, and US domestic politics grappling with a thirst for cheap Chinese manufactured goods while American factories shut down and jobs loss to China.

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As the [[Chinagate]] scandal progressed, Bill Clinton adjusted his China policy in 1996 and advocated dialogue and engagement; this led to a change in relations. But Washington continued to criticize China on the issues of [[Hong Kong]], human rights, trade, arms sales, [[Taiwan]], and questionable political donations to US election campaigns. Clinton welcomed the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and [[Butcher of Tiananmen Square]] [[Jiang Zemin]]'s to the White House. The major factors affecting the relationship include the enduring impact of the 1989 Tiananmen massacre when the Communist Party crushed a peaceful democratic movement with the army; the negative coverage of the CCP's human rights abuses by American media, American psychological insecurity caused by the rise of Communist China, and US domestic politics grappling with a thirst for cheap Chinese manufactured goods while American factories shut down and jobs loss to China.

[[File:Concrete-in-china-info.png|left|220px|thumb|In the 3 years from 2011 to 2014, China used more cement than the US did in the entire 20th century.]]

China's "economic miracle" since it was granted Most Favored Nation status by the U.S. Congress in 2002, and access to the U.S. consumer market, led to unprecedented economic growth and better living conditions for millions of Chinese. It also strengthened the grip of the anti-democratic Chinese Communist Party over people's everyday lives, and the loss of manufacturing jobs for consumer products in the United States.

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*Li, Olivia (March 6, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-cracks-down-on-private-enterprises_2825959.html China Cracks Down on Private Enterprises]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved March 8, 2019.

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Chinese Communist Party (view source)

Revision as of 23:23, July 12, 2024

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