Changes

In 1853 under the new Pierce Administration, Sanders was appointed U.S. consul to London via recess appointment,<ref name=papers/> evidently due to unlikelihood of Senate approval. He then established a London residence which became a meeting location for revolutionaries, namely Lajos Kossuth of Hungray in addition to Italian leaders Giuseppe Garibaldi and Giuseppe Mazzini.<ref name=papers/> Sanders's influence gained American passports for Mazzini and the latter's friend Aurelio Saffi.<ref name=dallago>Dal Lago, Enrico (November 11, 2013). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/William_Lloyd_Garrison_and_Giuseppe_Mazz/aatAAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=giuseppe+mazzini+franklin+pierce&pg=PA150&printsec=frontcover William Lloyd Garrison and Giuseppe Mazzini: Abolition, Democracy, and Radical Reform], pp. 150–51. ''Google Books'' .Retrieved September 28, 2023.</ref> Despite hard-fought efforts to gain financial backing for the European revolutionary leaders, such support was never obtained.

In 1853 under the new Pierce Administration, Sanders was appointed U.S. consul to London via recess appointment,<ref name=papers/> evidently due to unlikelihood of Senate approval. He then established a London residence which became a meeting location for revolutionaries, namely Lajos Kossuth of Hungray in addition to Italian leaders Giuseppe Garibaldi and Giuseppe Mazzini.<ref name=papers/> Sanders's influence gained American passports for Mazzini and the latter's friend Aurelio Saffi.<ref name=dallago>Dal Lago, Enrico (November 11, 2013). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/William_Lloyd_Garrison_and_Giuseppe_Mazz/aatAAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=giuseppe+mazzini+franklin+pierce&pg=PA150&printsec=frontcover William Lloyd Garrison and Giuseppe Mazzini: Abolition, Democracy, and Radical Reform], pp. 150–51. ''Google Books'' .Retrieved September 28, 2023.</ref> Despite hard-fought efforts to gain financial backing for the European revolutionary leaders, such support was never obtained.

Mazzini's revolutionary efforts were supported by the Pierce Administration as a radical outgrowth of "republicanism."<ref name=dallago/> Although the Young America movement's support for slavery expansion ran contrary to the abolitionist activism by supporters of [[William Lloyd Garrison]], who Mazzini conferred with, their support was welcomed by the Italian revolutionary purportedly due to desperation, according to author Enrico Dal Lago. Dal Lago argues that an ultimate split between Mazziniites and Garrisonians over slavery was genuine,<ref name=dallago/> while researcher Anton Chaitkin contends that both forces served along a dichotomous scheme for an ultimate shared goal: [[secession]] and breakup of the United States.<ref name=treasoninamerica,ch.12/>

Mazzini's revolutionary efforts were supported by the Pierce Administration as a radical outgrowth of "republicanism."<ref name=dallago/> Although the Young America movement's support for slavery expansion ran contrary to the abolitionist activism by supporters of [[William Lloyd Garrison]], who Mazzini conferred with, their support was welcomed by the Italian revolutionary purportedly due to desperation, according to author Enrico Dal Lago. Dal Lago argues that an ultimate split between Mazziniites and Garrisonians over slavery was genuine,<ref name=dallago/> while researcher [[Anton Chaitkin]] contends that both forces served along a dichotomous scheme for an ultimate shared goal: [[secession]] and breakup of the United States.<ref name=treasoninamerica,ch.12/>

The following year, after returning to the U.S. where much of the federal legislative body held considerable skepticism of Sanders's activities, the [[United States Senate]] thwarted his confirmation sought by President Pierce.<ref name=papers/> Despite this setback, however, Sanders found extensive connections within the Democratic Party due to both his domestic and diplomatic initiatives.

The following year, after returning to the U.S. where much of the federal legislative body held considerable skepticism of Sanders's activities, the [[United States Senate]] thwarted his confirmation sought by President Pierce.<ref name=papers/> Despite this setback, however, Sanders found extensive connections within the Democratic Party due to both his domestic and diplomatic initiatives.