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→Middle East
General [[Rommel]] was stopped at Second Battle of El Alamein (Oct 23, 1942 – Nov 11, 1942).
General [[Rommel]] was stopped at Second Battle of El Alamein (Oct 23, 1942 – Nov 11, 1942).
===Nazism at Arab Palestine===
As early as
[http://pdfs.jta.org/1933/1933-11-23_2700.pdf?_ga=2.193753197.1918788372.1674724338-1383206357.1674611108 Nov. 1933], it was reported, a direct contact between the German Nazis and the Palestinian Arabs, Arab Riot Leaders, revealed by Nazis. And that "Eissa el Bendak, newly appointed members of the Arab Executive's administrative bureau, will direct a propaganda in Palestine in the interests of the Nazi party."
Arab-Nazi collaboration took place on the '''ideological''' plane as well as the political and military planes. On a visit to Berlin in 1937, Mufti's emissary, Dr Sa`id `Abdel-Fattah Iman of the Damascus Arab Club proposed, inter alia, to promote National Socialist ideology among the Arabs and Muslims generally. [http://www.think-israel.org/green.nazis.html]
It was not Just The Mufti - the real extension of the Palestinian-Nazi collaboration was much further.<ref>[https://adin1664.medium.com/not-just-the-mufti-the-real-extension-of-the-palestinian-nazi-collaboration-67e6340b6773 Not Just The Mufti - the real extension of the Palestinian-Nazi collaboration]. Jan 22, 2022</ref>
On the field, Nazi-Arab/Islamist Alliance orepared for battle. [https://books.google.com/books?id=qCXBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT156]
A few highlights:
* Historian review on major Arab newspapers in Palestine supporting [https://books.google.com/books?id=6B0CcmTaVuAC&pg=PA81] Hitler; ''Falastin'' since 1932/3 - 1933 "Noble (sic) Hitler says ''[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1933/05/22/01/article/42 Falastin]''" is an example).
* Author - (on ''el-Carmel'' stating in 1932 its fascists' inspiration and) “All parties were dragged along by the extremists of the Istiqlal, whose newspaper al-Difa'a became a Nazi propaganda pamphlet.” [https://books.google.com/books?&id=FoJIAAAAMAAJfocus=searchwithinvolume&q=%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C%2C+%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%90%D7%9C%D6%BE%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A2+%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9A+%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94%C2%A0%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99]
* Kamel Mrowa ([كامل مروّه] Kaamel Mruwweh, Kamil Muruwa), as the editor of the Beirut paper ''An-Nida'', wrote to Von Ribbentrop the German foreign minister in Berlin: "The whole Arab youth is enthused by Adolf Hitler." (1933). (In neighboring Levant - a blanket statement about Arabs in the area). [https://books.google.com/books?id=UHe9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA247]
* The editor of 'Al-Jami'a al-Islamiyya' [الجماعة الإسلامية] wrote on May 22, 1933: "When Hitlerism appeared, the Arabs cheered and rejoiced, saying: A blow from heaven in the hands of others..."[https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/dav/1933/05/24/01/article/8/]
* The Templars' ''Die Warte des Tempels'' wrote on March 15, 1935, that many Arabs saw Hitler as the most important man of the 20th century and almost every Arab knew his name. Fascism and National Socialism with its anti-Jewish attitude were accepted positively by many Arabs.
* Nuremberg (Nazi events) effect in rousing Arabs of Palestine: The great momentum of Nazi propaganda in the Middle East occurred in September 1935. When the "Nuremberg Laws" against the Jews were discovered and published, Hitler received greetings from all Arab countries and Islam. The largest number came from Palestine.[https://books.google.com/books?&id=VJBtAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8+1935%22]
* 1936-8: "Nazi flags and pictures of Hitler were prominently displayed in store windows. Booklets explaining Nazi methods of forcing Jews from the Reich were distributed freely... The shout of 'Heil Hitler' became a catchword which rang insolently over all Palestine." (1938 book).[https://archive.org/stream/TheRapeOfPalestineByWilliamB.Ziff1938withPageLinksForTheTableOfContents/The%20Rape%20of%20Palestine%20by%20William%20B.%20Ziff%20%281938%29%20%28with%20page%20links%20for%20the%20table%20of%20contents%29_djvu.txt][https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015026579808&view=1up&seq=436]
* The NYT May 1937, how 'All' of Palestine celebrated Muhammad's birthday with flying Nazi swastika and pictures of Hitler.[https://www.nytimes.com/1937/05/23/archives/all-arabs-celebrate-prophets-birthday-christians-join-moslems-in.html]
Arabs' newspapers, urging the pupils to disobey Government Education Department issued orders prohibiting Arab pupils to participate in the May 1937 demonstrations.[https://www.jta.org/archive/swastikas-fly-as-arabs-mark-mohammeds-birthday]
* 1937, Walter Doehle, German consul in Jerusalem: "Palestinian Arabs in all social strata have great sympathies for the new Germany and its Führer…" [https://jewishjournal.org/2018/02/08/arab-anti-semitism-and-the-nazis/]Unveiled documents of Nazi official in Palestine writing to Berlin in 1937:[https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3248081,00.html]
‘Arabs admire our Fuhrer’ - “The Palestinian Arabs show on all levels a great sympathy for the new Germany and its Fuhrer, a sympathy whose value is particularly high as it is based on a purely ideological foundation,” a Nazi official in Palestine wrote in a letter to Berlin in 1937. He added: “Most important for the sympathies which Arabs now feel towards Germany is their admiration for our Fuhrer, especially during the unrests, I often had an opportunity to see how far these sympathies extend. When faced with a dangerous behaviour of an Arab mass, when one said that one was German, this was already generally a free pass.”
* Awni Abd al-Hadi (leader of the Istiqlal Arab Independence Party and member of the Arab High Committee [AHC] in Palestine, Ahmad Shukeiri’s employer), Jan 1937 general statement: 'Arabs Like Nazis'; bragging he read Mein Kampf.[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/cgs/1937/02/25/01/article/92]
* Journalist John Gunther in 1939: "The greatest contemporary Arab hero is — Adolf Hitler." (Elaborating on the Palestine link about it).[https://books.google.com/books?id=tRzX8uPHGR0C&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Hitler%22] [https://books.google.com/books?id=tRzX8uPHGR0C&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22lurch%22]
* Ahmad [Shukairy] Shukeiri's testimony in his 1969 book (pages 199-201) about 1940, on all - sympathizing with the Nazis.[https://books.google.com/books?id=pJkH06fTLD8C&pg=PA189] [https://books.google.com/books?id=JX8sBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA190]
* Noted in 1937: "leaders of the Arab youth who seem to be more extreme in their nationalism than the older generation. Educated in schools which are, in spite of government ownership, hotbeds of chauvinism and anti-Jewish propaganda, these youths are also greatly influenced by fascist and anti- Semitic tendencies in present-day Europe. Hitler is for many of them the glorious hero and teacher."[https://books.google.com/books?id=LZkjAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Hitler%20is%20for%20many%20of%20them%20the%20glorious%20hero%20and%20teacher%20.%20There%20is%20no%20doubt%20that%20Arab%20op-%20position%20to%22]
* Some 88% in Feb. 1941 poll (by Sari Sakakini) - favoring the Axis: Arab-Palestine.[https://books.google.com/books?id=9-NKm7nTm_IC&pg=PA175]
[https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false]
* ''We Arabs supported Hitler during WWII because he hated the Jews,'' recalled in a 2019 interview, former Jordanian health minister Dr. Zaid Hamzeh who was nine years old at the 1941 Rashid Ali coup days. (A general statement on Arabs, especially by witness in the very area).[https://www.memri.org/reports/former-jordanian-health-minister-dr-zaid-hamzeh-we-arabs-supported-hitler-during-wwii] [https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/jordanian-ex-minister-arabs-supported-hitler-because-he-hated-jews-607485]
* That the pro-Nazi Mufti represented the consensus of Palestine Arabs and had major backing of parties there. [Per (anti-Israel author) Edward Said's concession.[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ahmadinejad-holocausts-my_b_66630] ] And ''Time'' Magazine in 1946 [https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,852847,00.html]: 'The 53-year-old Mufti... is revered as a spiritual leader by Palestine's Arabs.'
* Jaffa Arab activist, in telling the story of his childhood, as a matter of fact, during the war: "most of the Arabs in Israel were in favor of Nazi Germany." [https://books.google.com/books?id=qtAvAQAAIAAJ&q=%D7%94%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A8] [Referring to Arabs in the land of Israel - Mandatory Palestine].
* 1940, in an American popular magazine, it was simply put, that "Palestine's Arabs admire Hitler for his Jew-baiting."[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Arabs+admire+Hitler+for+his+Jew-bait%22+ing&tbm=bks] [https://books.google.com/books?id=5u6vYDGBgIYC&q=%22Arabs+admire+Hitler+for+his+Jew-bait%22+ing]
* Historian on the Arabs in the land, referring on the WW2 period - atmosphere: "anticipation of the results of the war and wishes of the majority of Arabs that Britain would emerge defeated in it."[https://books.google.com/books?id=UdYMAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D%22]
* Author, journalist historian: ''The Arab street, which had been trained for decades to hate the British and harass the Jews, now found in Hitler, after his first victories, with the beginning of the war, the one who fulfills his wishes... The relationship between Hitler and Haj Amin determines the mood in the Arab street... The land of Israel was indeed a home front country and lived in relative peace, but the Arab street did not hide its admiration for Hitler and the Third Reich. Hitler was portrayed in the minds of the Arabs as the greatest friend of the Arab nation. They admired him for his hatred of the Jews and for the fact that he despised them and decided to exterminate them from the face of the earth. Hitler symbolized bravery and wisdom, leadership ability and certain victory.''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2xYiAQAAIAAJ&q=%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%20%D7%94%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A8]
* A founder of the League for Arab-Jewish Friendship, after consulting with all her Jewish friends who have been in contact with Arabs for many years, and with all her Arab friends, in May 1942: "The vast majority of Arabs in Palestine and throughout the Middle East believe that Hitler will conquer the whole world. The current Arab leaders, who all support Hitler, believe he will win because they want him to win. The Arab masses also believe that Hitler is the most powerful force in the entire world, and therefore he is obliged to come out with the upper hand.
However, there are a number of Arab intellectuals, merchants, workers, and farmers who are not sure of Hitler's victory..."[https://books.google.com/books?id=tX-gAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D%2C+%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A8%C2%A0%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D+%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%94%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A8%22]
* In June 1942, as the British bastion 'Tobruk' fell to the Nazis, Palestinian Arabs (as well as other Arabs), rejoiced.[https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false]
* CIA August 1942 report: majority of the Arabs in Palestine Palestinian Arabs are fiercely 'anti-Jewish'… the radicals, who form a majority, see in the approach of Rommel an ideal opportunity to murder all Jews their seize their property.[https://books.google.com/books?id=YzQNSTvHv-sC&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q&f=false] [https://books.google.com/books?id=DLPpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA429#v=onepage&q&f=false]
* Dec 21, 1942 letter, representatives of the Reich and the NSDAP in Palestine described the Arabs' hope for a great Arab state: "Arabs in Palestine were waiting for Hitler to come to Palestine and expel all the Jews. They hoped for a German intervention to solve their conflict with consideration of their needs. Rommel was their legendary hero. Many Arabs truly believed in the Germans' victory. Some of them even listened to the short-wave German broadcast, the Kurzwellensender."</b><small>[Letter and special report, Chef der Sicherheitspolizei to Reichsführer SS, 21 Dec. 1942, BArch,. NS 19/186.]</small><b>
* Nazis' planned 'extermination of the Jews in Palestine,' (stopped by Desert Rats - elaborated book), relied on help that they awaited from many local Arabs ready to serve as willing accomplices of the Germans in the Middle East.[https://books.google.com/books?id=vjsLAqafdQ8C&pg=PA124#v=onepage&q&f=false]
* An Egyptian, who visited the country in the days after the conquest of Berlin wrote: "The people cry in the morning and sob in the evening. And blow to their cheek between morning and evening."[https://books.google.com/books?id=08A7eSrDR5EC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99+%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1]
* Reaction of most Arabs that heard of the fate of the Jews in Europe, summer-1942 - 'open joy.'[https://books.google.com/books?id=CbLpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT415]
* Author recalls: "My father ... knew that most of the Palestine Arab leaders supported the Nazis.[https://books.google.com/books?id=mEFnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT51#v=onepage&q&f=false]
* Naturally, Arab-Palestinian Leader Farouq Qaddoumi stated (2013): <font color=red>We Supported The Nazis In WWII - as a general description - because of common anti-Zionists.</font>[https://www.memri.org/reports/palestinian-leader-farouq-qaddoumi-we-supported-nazis-wwii][https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/175316]
* Arab "Palestinian" leader, in Jerusalem (then under Jordanian rule), in spring of 1967: "We Arabs supported Hitler to get the British out of Palestine and to keep the Jews from taking it over - and that was our big mistake..."[https://books.google.com/books?id=hNAaAQAAMAAJ&q=%22arabs%20supported%20hitler%22]
* Prof. / author:
The vast majority of the Palestinian (and all-Arab) national movement identified, whether openly or tacitly, with the position of their Mufti al-Husseini World War II leader, a loyal partner of Hitler, Himmler and Eichmann in the decision to physically eliminate the Jewish people.[https://www.msn.com/he-il/news/news-middle-east/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%94/ar-AAKOnD1]
* As it was put in 1949 [https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/mar/1949/04/29/01/article/47]:
''There is hardly a single Arab leader today who in those days was not an ally of Nazi Germany. The Nazi-Arab partnership flourished at a time when the war was close to the gates of our country, and names such as Rashid Ali, Amin al-Husseini, etc. still symbolize the "glorious" period of this idyll. The ending, as recalled, was not so glorious.''
==Impact==
==Impact==